1. Anatomic Reference Systems
Describe the location and functions of body parts using:
Body planes
Body directions
Body cavities
Body Regions
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2. Surface Anatomy
Anatomical position – hands at side, palms up, feet forward and together.
Supine – anatomical position lying face up
Prone – anatomical position lying face down

3. Anatomical Landmarks
See page 16

4. Abdominopelvic Quadrants
RUQ
RLQ
LUQ
LLQ
Describing areas of concern by clinicians.

5. Abdominopelvic Regions
More precise locations when discussing clinically
External landmarks help identify internal organ location.
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6. Planes Transverse- superior/inferior section (cross-section)
Frontal/Coronal – anterior (ventral)/posterior (dorsal)
Sagittal – left/right
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7. Directional Terms
Be familiar with terms on P. 19
Let’s practice

8. Anatomic Reference Systems
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9. Anatomic Reference Systems
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10. Body Cavities Ventral Body Cavity (Coelem)
Contains most internal organs- rearranges during fetal development
Divided into 2 cavities by the diaphragm (flat muscular sheet)
Thoracic
Abdominopelvic
Organs in cavities change shape during various physiological activities.
Organs known as viscera
Covered by membrane known as visceral layer.

11. Body Cavities cont. Thoracic cavity 1 Pericardial cavity (heart)
2 pleural cavities (lungs)
Membranes:
Pericardium (peri-around, cardi-heart)
Visceral – covers the heart
Parietal – the opposing surface
Surrounded by the mediastinum
Pleura
Visceral covers the lungs
Parietal- opposing surface

12. Body Cavities cont. Abdominopelvic – below diaphragm to the pelvis
Abdominal cavity
Liver, stomach, spleen, SI, LI
Pelvic cavity
LI, blader