Non-Communicable Diseases (Lifestyle Diseases)

Non-Communicable disease A non-communicable disease are diseases that cannot be spread from person to person. A non-communicable disease are diseases that cannot be spread from person to person. In some cases, they are diseases caused by how you live your life. In some cases, they are diseases caused by how you live your life.

Non-Communicable Diseases Some non-communicable diseases are chronic. Some non-communicable diseases are chronic. Chronic means that it is present either continuously or on and off over a long period. Chronic means that it is present either continuously or on and off over a long period. Examples: Examples: Asthma Asthma Heart Disease Heart Disease Stroke Stroke Cancer Cancer Arthritis Arthritis Allergies Allergies

Degenerative Disease Degenerative disease is a disease that causes a breakdown in body cells, tissues, and organs as it progresses. Degenerative disease is a disease that causes a breakdown in body cells, tissues, and organs as it progresses. Examples: Examples: Multiple Sclerosis - autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Multiple Sclerosis - autoimmune disease that affects the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system). Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease Spinal muscular atrophy Spinal muscular atrophy Parkinson's disease - It is characterized by progressive loss of muscle control, which leads to trembling of the limbs and head while at rest, stiffness, slowness, and impaired balance Parkinson's disease - It is characterized by progressive loss of muscle control, which leads to trembling of the limbs and head while at rest, stiffness, slowness, and impaired balance Huntington's disease - caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4. Huntington's disease - caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4.

Alzheimer’s Disease Destroys brain cells, causing problems with memory, thinking and behavior severe enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life. Destroys brain cells, causing problems with memory, thinking and behavior severe enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life. Your brain works like a factory Your brain works like a factory take in supplies, generate energy, construct equipment and get rid of waste take in supplies, generate energy, construct equipment and get rid of waste keeping everything running requires coordination as well as large amounts of fuel and oxygen keeping everything running requires coordination as well as large amounts of fuel and oxygen In Alzheimer’s disease, parts of the cell’s factory stop running well In Alzheimer’s disease, parts of the cell’s factory stop running well But just like a real factory, backups and breakdowns in one system cause problems in other areas. But just like a real factory, backups and breakdowns in one system cause problems in other areas. The most common form of dementia The most common form of dementia Has no current cure Has no current cure

Congenital Disorders Congenital Disorders are all disorders that are present when the baby is born. Congenital Disorders are all disorders that are present when the baby is born. Some congenital diseases are caused by heredity, while others are caused by mother’s choice of lifestyle while pregnant. Some congenital diseases are caused by heredity, while others are caused by mother’s choice of lifestyle while pregnant. Examples: Examples: Congenital Heart Disease - conditions that are present at birth and can affect the structure of a baby's heart and the way it works. Congenital Heart Disease - conditions that are present at birth and can affect the structure of a baby's heart and the way it works. Down Syndrome - a condition in which a baby is born with an extra chromosome. Down Syndrome - a condition in which a baby is born with an extra chromosome. Cleft Lip or Palate - birth defects that occur when a baby’s lip or mouth do not form properly. Cleft Lip or Palate - birth defects that occur when a baby’s lip or mouth do not form properly. Spina Bifida - condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth Spina Bifida - condition that affects the spine and is usually apparent at birth

Lifestyle Choices and Disease Factors that you cannot control: Factors that you cannot control: Heredity Heredity Age Age Gender Gender Ethnic Group Ethnic Group Factors that you can control: Factors that you can control: Eat healthy food Eat healthy food Stay physically active Stay physically active Maintain a healthy weight Maintain a healthy weight Get enough sleep Get enough sleep Manage stress Manage stress Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs Avoid tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels A disease that affects the heart or blood vessels Approximately 61 million Americans have a CVD Approximately 61 million Americans have a CVD CVDs are responsible for 40% of all deaths in the US = almost 1 million Americans CVDs are responsible for 40% of all deaths in the US = almost 1 million Americans

Types of Cardiovascular Diseases Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, Diseases of the Heart

Hypertension High blood pressure High blood pressure Can damage heart, blood vessels, and other body organs Can damage heart, blood vessels, and other body organs Can occur at any age, but more common for people over the age of 35 Can occur at any age, but more common for people over the age of 35 23% of Americans age have hypertension 23% of Americans age have hypertension “silent killer” – no symptoms at early stages “silent killer” – no symptoms at early stages Get BP checked regularly Get BP checked regularly Management Management Medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, proper nutrition Medication, weight management, adequate physical activity, proper nutrition

Atherosclerosis The process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls The process in which plaques accumulate on artery walls Build up of plaque causes arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity Build up of plaque causes arteries to thicken and lose their elasticity Clots can form from plaque Clots can form from plaque If blood flow is stopped to the heart = heart attack If blood flow is stopped to the heart = heart attack If blood flow is blocked to the brain = stroke If blood flow is blocked to the brain = stroke

Heart Attack Blood flow is blocked to the coronary arteries Blood flow is blocked to the coronary arteries Many are sudden and cause intense chest pain Many are sudden and cause intense chest pain Common symptoms Common symptoms Pressure, fullness, squeezing, or aching in the chest area Pressure, fullness, squeezing, or aching in the chest area Discomfort spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, upper abdomen, and back Discomfort spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, upper abdomen, and back Chest discomfort with shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting Chest discomfort with shortness of breath, lightheadedness, sweating, nausea, and vomiting Other symptoms Other symptoms Immediate response and treatment is needed to treat a heart attack Immediate response and treatment is needed to treat a heart attack

Congestive Heart Failure Heart gradually weakens Heart gradually weakens Can result from high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart valve defect, or other factors Can result from high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, heart valve defect, or other factors Strategies for prevention – healthy lifestyle and sometime medication Strategies for prevention – healthy lifestyle and sometime medication

Stroke Arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain Arterial blockage interrupts the flow of blood to the brain Severity of stroke depends on which part of the brain lost blood Severity of stroke depends on which part of the brain lost blood

Why am I at risk? The decisions you make now will affect your health later in life. The decisions you make now will affect your health later in life. Symptoms may not show up for years Symptoms may not show up for years

Risk Factors for CVDs Controllable Tobacco Use Tobacco Use High Blood Pressure High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol High Cholesterol Sedentary Lifestyle Sedentary Lifestyle Excessive Weight Excessive Weight Stress Stress Drug and Alcohol Use Drug and Alcohol UseUncontrollable Heredity Heredity Gender Gender Age Age

Diabetes A chronic disease that affects the way body cells convert food into energy

Symptoms of Diabetes Frequent urination Frequent urination Excessive thirst Excessive thirst Unexplained weight loss Unexplained weight loss Extreme hunger Extreme hunger Sudden vision changes Sudden vision changes Tingling in hands or feet Tingling in hands or feet Frequent fatigue Frequent fatigue Very dry skin Very dry skin Sores that are slow to heal Sores that are slow to heal More infections than usual More infections than usual

Type 1 Diabetes The body does NOT make insulin – glucose builds up in the body (high glucose levels) The body does NOT make insulin – glucose builds up in the body (high glucose levels) Autoimmune disease – a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person’s own body Autoimmune disease – a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting the cells, tissues, and organs of a person’s own body Must take insulin Must take insulin

Type 2 Diabetes Noncommunicable Disease Noncommunicable Disease Linked with obesity and a diet high in fat, calories, and cholesterol Linked with obesity and a diet high in fat, calories, and cholesterol Accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes Accounts for 90-95% of all diabetes The body is unable to make enough insulin or use insulin properly The body is unable to make enough insulin or use insulin properly Treatment Treatment Weight management, regular physical activity, and monitoring their diet Weight management, regular physical activity, and monitoring their diet Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes

Cancer Uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells

Cancer Vocabulary Tumor – abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body Tumor – abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body Benign – non-cancerous Benign – non-cancerous Malignant – cancerous Malignant – cancerous Metastasis – the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body Metastasis – the spread of cancer from the point where it originated to other parts of the body

Risk factors for Cancer Tobacco use Tobacco use Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases Dietary Factors Dietary Factors Radiation Radiation

Detecting Cancer Self-examinations Self-examinations Biopsy – the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination Biopsy – the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination

Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer - National Cancer Institute Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer - National Cancer Institute May 15, 2015 Leukemia, lymphoma, testicular cancer, and thyroid cancer are the most common cancers among year-olds. Among year-olds, breast cancer and melanoma are the most common. Evidence suggests that some cancers in adolescents and young adults may have unique genetic and biological features.

MELANOMA Taking a Closer Look

Melanoma Dear 16 Year Old Me Dear 16 Year Old Me Dear 16 Year Old Me Dear 16 Year Old Me

CAUTION – Warning Signs of Cancer C – Change in bowel habits A – A sore that does not heal U – Unusual bleeding or discharge T – Thickening or a lump I – Indigestion or difficulty swallowing I – Indigestion or difficulty swallowing O – Obvious change in a wart or mole N – Nagging cough or horseness

Treating Cancer Surgery Surgery Radiation therapy Radiation therapy Chemotherapy Chemotherapy Remission – a period of time when symptoms disappear Remission – a period of time when symptoms disappear

Environmental Factors and Disease Many substances in the environment can cause serious health problems (example – lead in fish) Many substances in the environment can cause serious health problems (example – lead in fish) Carbon Monoxide in high levels can cause illness and death. Carbon Monoxide in high levels can cause illness and death. Smog can cause respiratory and breathing problems in some people. Smog can cause respiratory and breathing problems in some people.

Objective Questions Why is hypertension considered a “silent killer”? Why is hypertension considered a “silent killer”? Describe 3 strategies to prevent non- communicable diseases. Describe 3 strategies to prevent non- communicable diseases. Describe the difference of a benign and malignant tumor. Describe the difference of a benign and malignant tumor.