13 ENGLISH COLONIES

SOUTHERN COLONIES Mild climate with long, hot summers and short winters Mild climate with long, hot summers and short winters Fertile soil with plenty of farmable land Fertile soil with plenty of farmable land Made $ from cash crops (tobacco, cotton, corn, & indigo) Made $ from cash crops (tobacco, cotton, corn, & indigo) Slaves and indentured servants vital to economy Slaves and indentured servants vital to economy Many indentured servants did not live to earn their freedom; those who did had little to no land to farm (angry farmers rebelled – Bacon’s Rebellion) Many indentured servants did not live to earn their freedom; those who did had little to no land to farm (angry farmers rebelled – Bacon’s Rebellion) Headright System – 50 acres per person Headright System – 50 acres per person Economic opportunity led to LESS families and MORE individuals settling here Economic opportunity led to LESS families and MORE individuals settling here EDUCATION – began at home; private tutors to those who could afford one; many completed education in Europe EDUCATION – began at home; private tutors to those who could afford one; many completed education in Europe

VIRGINIA Founded in 1607 Founded in 1607 Royal Colony Royal Colony Had a representative government Had a representative government House of Burgesses – first representative body in colonial America; had the power to make laws and raise taxes House of Burgesses – first representative body in colonial America; had the power to make laws and raise taxes MAJOR TOWNS – Jamestown, Richmond, Williamsburg MAJOR TOWNS – Jamestown, Richmond, Williamsburg

MARYLAND Founded in 1632 Founded in 1632 Proprietary colony Proprietary colony Given to Lord Baltimore who owned and governed it Given to Lord Baltimore who owned and governed it Supposed to be a safe haven for Catholics Supposed to be a safe haven for Catholics More Protestants than Catholics immigrated to Maryland More Protestants than Catholics immigrated to Maryland Had a representative government Had a representative government MAJOR TOWNS – Baltimore, Annapolis MAJOR TOWNS – Baltimore, Annapolis

THE CAROLINAS Founded in 1670 Founded in 1670 Proprietary colonies (given by King Charles II to 8 nobles) that quickly split into two and became ROYAL colonies Proprietary colonies (given by King Charles II to 8 nobles) that quickly split into two and became ROYAL colonies King appointed governors who had to cooperate with elected assemblies King appointed governors who had to cooperate with elected assemblies North Carolina North Carolina South Carolina South Carolina Established as a plantation colony; modeled after West Indies Established as a plantation colony; modeled after West Indies MAJOR TOWNS – Charles Town, Albemarle, Raleigh MAJOR TOWNS – Charles Town, Albemarle, Raleigh

GEORGIA Founded in 1732 Founded in 1732 Royal Colony Royal Colony Originally proprietary until colonists protested to become Royal colony Originally proprietary until colonists protested to become Royal colony Established as defensive buffer from the Spanish and a place to rid England’s overcrowded jails of debtors Established as defensive buffer from the Spanish and a place to rid England’s overcrowded jails of debtors MAJOR TOWNS - Savannah MAJOR TOWNS - Savannah

MIDDLE COLONIES Had good climate and rich soil to grow staple crops (crops that are always needed) Had good climate and rich soil to grow staple crops (crops that are always needed) Included wheat, barley, corn, and oats Included wheat, barley, corn, and oats Most diverse region of colonies Most diverse region of colonies English, Swedes, Dutch, Germans, Scots-Irish, & French English, Swedes, Dutch, Germans, Scots-Irish, & French RELIGION – Quakers, Mennonites, Lutherans, Dutch Calvinists, & Presbyterians RELIGION – Quakers, Mennonites, Lutherans, Dutch Calvinists, & Presbyterians Region known as the BREADBASKET b/c of staple crops such as wheat that helped feed all colonies Region known as the BREADBASKET b/c of staple crops such as wheat that helped feed all colonies EDUCATION – sponsored by many religious groups; more practical than religious; open to all boys EDUCATION – sponsored by many religious groups; more practical than religious; open to all boys

DELAWARE Founded in 1638; officially English colony in 1664 Founded in 1638; officially English colony in 1664 Proprietary Colony Proprietary Colony A lot of swampland in the south; also fertile soil for growing in other regions A lot of swampland in the south; also fertile soil for growing in other regions Quaker colony similar to Pennsylvania Quaker colony similar to Pennsylvania MAJOR TOWNS - Wilmington MAJOR TOWNS - Wilmington

PENNSYLVANIA Founded in 1664 Founded in 1664 Royal Colony Royal Colony Founded by William Penn as haven for Quakers (Society of Friends) which were pacifists and believed in total equality Founded by William Penn as haven for Quakers (Society of Friends) which were pacifists and believed in total equality Extremely liberal government – religious freedom, no tax-supported church, women had rights Extremely liberal government – religious freedom, no tax-supported church, women had rights Exported agricultural products and natural resources Exported agricultural products and natural resources MAJOR TOWNS – Trenton, Princeton, Philadelphia MAJOR TOWNS – Trenton, Princeton, Philadelphia

NEW YORK Established in 1626…technically became British in 1664 Established in 1626…technically became British in 1664 Royal Colony Royal Colony Iron ore was an important natural resource Iron ore was an important natural resource Breadbasket colony  grew so many crops, including wheat Breadbasket colony  grew so many crops, including wheat MAJOR TOWNS – Albany, New York City MAJOR TOWNS – Albany, New York City

NEW JERSEY Founded in 1664 Founded in 1664 Exported agricultural products and natural resources; exported iron ore Exported agricultural products and natural resources; exported iron ore Founded for trade and profits; eventually run by Quakers like Pennsylvania Founded for trade and profits; eventually run by Quakers like Pennsylvania MAJOR TOWNS – Trenton, Princeton MAJOR TOWNS – Trenton, Princeton

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Rooted in Puritan beliefs; colonies were settled for religious freedom Rooted in Puritan beliefs; colonies were settled for religious freedom Small farms, lumber, fishing Small farms, lumber, fishing Relations with Natives Relations with Natives King Phillip’s War – Natives made coordinated attacks on the natives but it ended up decimating Native population when English colonists retaliated King Phillip’s War – Natives made coordinated attacks on the natives but it ended up decimating Native population when English colonists retaliated Education – all children encouraged to learn so they could read the Bible Education – all children encouraged to learn so they could read the Bible Representative government with town meetings; only church members could vote Representative government with town meetings; only church members could vote Plymouth Colony – established Mayflower Compact because they did not land in Virginia Colony and needed a form of government in the new world Plymouth Colony – established Mayflower Compact because they did not land in Virginia Colony and needed a form of government in the new world

MASSACHUSETTS Founded in 1630 Founded in 1630 Proprietary government; eventually became Royal Proprietary government; eventually became Royal Colonists made living fishing, whaling, & shipbuilding Colonists made living fishing, whaling, & shipbuilding Only Puritan men had say in government; NOT religiously tolerant Only Puritan men had say in government; NOT religiously tolerant MAJOR TOWNS – Boston, Plymouth, Salem MAJOR TOWNS – Boston, Plymouth, Salem

RHODE ISLAND Founded in 1636 Founded in 1636 Charter Colony Charter Colony Founded by a religious exile from Massachusetts, Roger Williams Founded by a religious exile from Massachusetts, Roger Williams MAJOR TOWNS – Providence MAJOR TOWNS – Providence

NEW HAMPSHIRE Founded in 1638 Founded in 1638 Royal Colony Royal Colony Similar to other New England colonies; exception = Royal colony rather than charter Similar to other New England colonies; exception = Royal colony rather than charter MAJOR TOWNS - Concord MAJOR TOWNS - Concord

CONNECTICUT Founded in 1636 Founded in 1636 Charter Colony Charter Colony Poor farming, lots of trade w/ fishing, whaling, lumber, etc. Poor farming, lots of trade w/ fishing, whaling, lumber, etc. NO religious tolerance – also a Puritan colony NO religious tolerance – also a Puritan colony MAJOR TOWNS – Hartford, New Haven MAJOR TOWNS – Hartford, New Haven