6/24/20161 Industrial Revolution Transforming England

Why another “revolution”? What did it do?  Developed factory system – encouraged steam power  Changed daily human life for individual and society  Influenced political situation in Europe Where did it begin?  Great Britain (Eng/Scot/Wales) s  Continent – post 1815

Why England? Why did it begin in England?  Atlantic Economy:  colonial empire provides market  Water --- everywhere!  Natural resources: coal and iron ore in Eng / Wales  Agriculture  Abundant crops – low prices  Money available for “luxuries”  Support  Central bank  Government strong and stable  Mobile working class

Early Industry First: Cotton textile industry  Growing demand from “putting out” system John Kay,  Flying shuttle – allowed one weaver to operate a loom Flying shuttle  But thread not made fast enough…so… James Hargreaves, 1765  Spinning Jenny – 6-24 threads at one time Spinning Jenny Richard Awkwright, 1769 Richard Awkwright  Water frame (improved spinning – then w/steam)  Read The Traits of the British Industrial Entrepreneur, 564 Edmund Cartwright,  Power loom in 1785 – work moves into factories Power loom

1) Reasons for factories Increases productive capacity Increases efficiency  interchangeable parts = quick fixes  Industrial machinery replaced workshops / cottage-based industry Produces cheaper goods Higher profits

Replacing wood with coal What’s wrong with wood?  England is running out  Burns too quickly What’s better about coal?  There is more of it  Burns hotter and more efficiently  Think of steel production What’s dangerous about coal?  Bringing it to the surface is hard, dangerous work  Environmentally unfriendly

England ~1850

2) Developing steam power Man primary source of energy – then used animals – wind – water… Problem: looms, etc. – reached limit  England short of wood for iron production  Coal used for heating and minimal production  A more efficient source of energy needed What else can be used for power?  STEAM!!! – harnessed & attached to engines (coal still used to heat the fires in the engines)  Newcomen (1705) & James Watt (1774): pioneers Newcomen (1705) & James Watt (1774): pioneers  SIG: most fundamental advancement in technology for First IR

Other results & revolutions Stronger iron and steel produced  Henry Cort – puddling & steel roller Transportation revolution  Railroads:  Horsepower: slow and inexpensive  1800’s “steamer on wheels”: 1804, Richard Trevithick invents the 1 st steam locomotive  1830 Stephenson’s Rocket – 16 mphStephenson’s Rocket By mph – “full steam ahead!”  Steamboats – Robert Fulton, 1807 (US!Robert Fulton Sig: cheaper transport – markets nationwide – larger factories – cheaper goods - faster…

Flying Shuttle Return

Spinning Jenny Return

Richard Awkwright Water Frame Return

Power Loom Return

Steam Engines Return

Stephenson’s Rocket Return

Robert Fulton’s Steamboat Return