DO NOW Based on the article assigned as yesterday’s HW….

Intro to… Abnormal Psychology A.K.A. Psychological Disorders behavior is judged to be deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional.

Deviant : being different from most other people in one’s culture; may vary by context and time (examples: wartime; homosexuality was classified as an illness from 1952 to 1973)

Men of the West Africa Wodaabe tribe put on elaborate makeup and costumes to attract women. In Western society, the same behavior would break behavioral norms and might be judged abnormal.

Distressful : causes the individual stress (pain, anxiety, sorrow, etc.)

Dysfunction : considered to be disorderly if it impairs your everyday life

Early Theories Abnormal behavior was evil spirits trying to get out, godlike powers, etc. Treatments: institutionalized, castration, drilling holes in skull, removing intestines, transfusion of animal blood, etc.

Medical Model By the 1800s, we started reforming the way we looked at mental illness and developed the medical model Mental illness needs to be diagnosed on basis of symptoms and cured through therapy and treatment

Biopsychosocial Approach considers combination of biological, psychological, and social factors as contributing to development of disorders

DSM V American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders Lists symptoms, examples, etc. Helps psychologists diagnose disorders Used by insurance companies

The DSM spells out the specific diagnostic criteria An example of this can be seen in the diagnosis of a major depressive episode. A person must exhibit at least five or more of the listed nine characteristics and the symptoms must be evident for at least the last two weeks for that person to be diagnosed with this disorder. When diagnosing a client the American Psychological Association recommends that the clinician use a multiaxial Assessment System.

Multiaxial Classification Are Psychosocial or Environmental Problems (school or housing issues) also present? Axis IV What is the Global Assessment of the person’s functioning? (GAF Scale is out of 100 with the lower the school the more limited their functionioning. Axis V Is a General Medical Condition (diabetes, hypertension or arthritis etc) also present? Axis III Is a Personality Disorder or Mental Retardation present? Axis II Is a Clinical Syndrome (cognitive, anxiety, mood disorders [16 syndromes]) present? Axis I

Multiaxial Classification Note 16 syndromes in Axis I

Multiaxial Classification Note Global Assessment for Axis V

Sample Axis I Major Depressive Disorder Alcohol Dependence Axis II Dependent Personality Disorder Axis III None Axis IV Recent Divorce, unemployment Axis V 58

Goals of DSM 1.Describe (400) disorders. 2.Determine how prevalent the disorder is. Disorders outlined by DSM-IV are reliable. Therefore, diagnoses by different professionals are similar. Others criticize DSM-IV for “putting any kind of behavior within the compass of psychiatry.”

People First vs Labeling seeing individuals as people first and not defined by their disorder Ex: “a person with schizophrenia,” not “a schizophrenic” Labels can negatively affect the way we perceive people – Example: What emotions come to you when you hear the words “cancer patient?” Labels can result in self-fulfilling prophecies

Criticisms Are people with disorders truly mentally ill or are they just deviating from social norms? Rosenhan Study: participants were claiming symptoms of hearing voices. They were ALL admitted for schizophrenia. None were exposed as imposters. They all left diagnosed with schizophrenia in remission. What are some of the questions raised by this study?

Classwork Read pgs Answer the following questions: – Why do some psychologists criticize the use of diagnostic labels? – How many people suffer, or have suffered, from a psychological disorder? Is poverty a risk factor? – What are 3 protective factors for mental disorders? – Based on the reading “Insanity and Responsibility” on pg. 656: Which of Yates’ two juries do you think made the right decision?