1. Introduction to DSM

2. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  Published by the American Psychiatric Association  Provides standard diagnostic criteria for the classification of mental disorders  Used by clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, researchers, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, the legal system, etc.  First edition (DSM ‐ 1) published in 1952  Most recent edition: DSM-5 (2013)

3. Prior to the DSM-5, 5 "axes" or dimensions were used for diagnostic and treatment purposes. Axis I all psychological diagnostic categories except mental retardation and personality disorder (e.g., depression, anxiety disorders, ADHD, schizophrenia) Axis II personality disorders and mental retardation (considered “life-long problems”) (e.g., paranoid personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, intellectual disabilities) Axis III general medical condition ; acute medical conditions and physical disorders including brain injuries Axis IV psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder (e.g., family problems, housing problems, economic problems) Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (i.e. assessing a person’s mental health and determining how their current behaviors are influencing their psychological, social and occupational functioning)

4. Changes in DSM-5  No more multi-axial assessment system  Replaced with a more simplified documentation OldNew (DSM-5) Axis I The three axes related to mental disorders and medical conditions COMBINED - allowing clinicians to rate disorders along a continuum Axis II Axis III Axis IV Psychosocial and environmental factors - changed to “ codes ” (e.g., Z55.9: academic or educational problem, Z59.1: inadequate housing) Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning Scale - replaced by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (=better measure)