Bell Ringer What is the difference between a democracy and communism?

The Cold War Begins Chapter 18

Origins of the Cold War The US and SU’s relationship was becoming strain prior to the end of WWII The Cold War was the confrontation and competition between the US and SU between The US believes that democratic governments with protections for people’s rights make countries more stable

Origins of the Cold War The Yalta Conference was a meeting between Stalin, FDR, and Churchill to discuss what to do at the end of the war Poland Germany- four zones: Britain. France. SU and US Berlin as well even though it was on soviet side After the Yalta Conference, SU pressured Romania to take on a Communist government, violating the Declaration of Liberated Europe

Origins of the Cold War Truman was not experienced in diplomacy, but he told Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov that Stalin needed to allow free elections in Poland as he promised At the Potsdam Conference, Stalin and Truman met to discuss Germany Truman told Stalin that the US had successfully tested an atomic weapon Stalin did not like Truman’s plan, but he agreed anyways, since the US and Britain controlled the industrial parts of Germany

Origins of the Cold War Stalin’s presences in Eastern Europe ensured that the countries of Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia would eventually be communist Satellite Nations

Origins of the Cold War Winston Churchill described the events in Europe: “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of central and Eastern Europe…All are subject, in one from or another, not only to Soviet influence, but to a very high and increasing measure of control from Moscow.”

The Early Cold War Years Long Telegram Kennan said that the US could beat the Soviets without a war as long as we contained their expansive tendencies—this led to the idea of containment

The Early Cold War Years A series of crises broke out in the spring and summer of 1946, the first was in Iran USS Missouri Stalin moved on to Turkey, knowing it would give them access to the Mediterranean Sea Truman sent the new aircraft carrier Franklin D. Roosevelt to join the USS Missouri to see if the Russians were “bent on world conquest” Truman Doctrine

The Early Cold War Years The Marshal Plan In 1948, US officials concluded that the Soviets were deliberately undermining Germany’s economy US, Britain and France announced that they would merge their zones and allow Germany to have their own government They did the same in Berlin and made it part of the new German Republic

The Early Cold War Years The new nation was officially called the Federal Republic of Germany but was known as West Germany West Germany’s economy was separate from the Soviet Zone (which becomes East Germany) and it was nearly independent (could not have an army though)

The Early Cold War Years The Soviets realized the would never get the reparations they wanted with the creation of West Germany, so they blocked the roads to West Berlin Berlin Airlift Public began to support military alliance with Western Europe when they learned of the Berlin blockade NATO Warsaw Pact

The Early Cold War Years The Cold War spread into Asia where conflicts would result in war in Korea and Civil War in China Mao Zedong vs. Chiang Kai-Shek The People’s Republic of China was created in October 1949 the SU announced they had successfully tested its first atomic weapon The US used veto power within the UN to keep Communist China from having representatives in the UN, only Nationalists in Taiwan could serve the UN

The Early Cold War Years At the end of WWII American and Soviet forces divided Korea at the 38 th parallel to disarm Japanese troops stationed there Soviets controlled the north and put a Communist government in place while America controlled the south with an American-backed government Both governments laid claim to controlling all of Korea when talks of unifying began The SU provided extensive military aid to the North Koreans who invaded the south in June 1950

The Early Cold War Years Truman sent US naval and airpower to Asia, and called the UN to do the same MacArthur ordered an invasion behind North Korea’s lines which shocked them so much that within weeks they were retreating The North Koreans retreated north of the 38 th parallel, Truman ordered American forces to follow the beyond the 38 th Eventually they were pushed all the way to the Yalu River (border with China)

The Early Cold War Years MacArthur wanted Truman to go to war with China- Truman refused MacArthur publicly criticized the President saying, “There is no substitute for victory” Truman fired MacArthur for insubordination Truman remained committed to limited war—a war fought to achieve a limited objective like containment

The Early Cold War Years Negotiations began in Nov. 1951, but an official armistice would not be signed until 1953 The Korean War marked the first use of force, rather than diplomacy, in the fight against Communism The Korean War also expanded the Cold War into Asia