1. The Cold War Events immediately after World War II

2. 2 US/USSR Relationship during WWII 1939: Stalin (USSR) makes a deal with Hitler (Germany). 1941: Hitler breaks deal and attacks USSR. Stalin changes sides and fights with US and other allies.

3. 3 US/USSR Relationship during WWII Yalta Conference 1.The establishment of the United Nations 2.Division of Germany into four zones 3.Free elections allowed in the states of Eastern Europe 4.Russia’s promise to join the war against Japan No agreement was reached on Poland. Winston Churchill (England), Franklin Roosevelt (US) and Joseph Stalin (USSR) meet in Yalta in 1945 to decide the fate of post-war Europe.

4. The Cold War [1945-1991]: An Ideological Struggle Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  spread world- wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan] METHODOLOGIES: 1.Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] 2.Arms Race [nuclear escalation] 3.Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” 4.Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

5. 5 Post WWII/Cold War Goals for US Promote open markets for US goods to prevent another depression Promote democracy throughout the world, especially in Asia and Africa Stop the spread of communism – “Domino Effect”

6. 6 Post WWII/Cold War Goals for USSR Create greater security for itself – lost tens of millions of people in WWII and Stalin’s purges – feared a strong Germany Establish defensible borders Encourage friendly governments on its borders Spread communism around the world “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow.” Excerpt from Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain Speech.”

7. Origins of the Cold War At Yalta, the Big Three had agreed to a post-war arrangement known as The Declaration on Liberated Europe:  The USSR would be permitted to occupy most of liberated Eastern Europe,… …but only until free, democratic elections could be held.  Stalin, however, had no intention of giving up the East - the path of German invasion twice in the previous three decades. - Instead he sought to create a buffer-zone, of pro-Soviet states, to protect the USSR from future invasion. Video: “Yalta” (5)

8. Origins of the Cold War At the July 1945 Potsdam Conference, the Big Three met again, this time to determine the fate of the defeated Axis powers.  Though only five months after Yalta, much had changed: - The war in Europe was over. - The Red Army was firmly in control of Eastern Europe. - The Americans had successfully tested an atomic bomb. - Two of the Big Three had been replaced: * FDR  Harry Truman * Churchill  Clement Attlee

9. The Division of Berlin

10. AND WHILE THAT IS GOING ON…

12. Background Year: 1945 People/groups involved: Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States and China Why?

13. At that moment in time Government action intended to do? Effect at the time?

14. Lasting Impact