Population Change in the Southwest: Implications for Education, The Labor Force and Socioeconomic Development Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Steve H. Murdock, Director Hobby Center for the Study of Texas and Allyn and Gladys Cline Professor of Sociology Rice University Southwest Foundations Lake Tahoe October 20, 2011

Major Topics of the Presentation __________________________ Population Change Increasing Racial/Ethnic Diversity Aging of the Population Implications of Demographic Change for Education, The Labor Force and Socioeconomic Development Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Total Population and Percent Population Change in Texas and the United States, Total Population Percent Change YearTexasU.S. TexasU.S ,592 23,191, ,215 31,443, ,579 39,818, ,591,749 50,155, ,235,527 62,947, ,048,710 75,994, ,896,542 91,972, ,663, ,710, ,824, ,775, ,414, ,669, ,711, ,697, ,579, ,323, ,196, ,302, ,229, ,545, ,986, ,709, ,851, ,421, ,145, ,745, Source: Derived from the U.S. Census Bureau decennial census April 1 of reported year. Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Components of Change, U.S. and Texas, United States Texas ComponentNumeric Change Percent of Total Change Numeric Change Percent of Total Change Total Change25,584, ,930, Natural Increase15,875, ,124, Net Domestic Migration , Net International Migration9,709, , Source: Derived from U.S. Bureau of the Census.

Immigrants: Who Are they and What are Their Effects

Percent of United States Population Change Due to Immigration and Natural Increase, 1820 to 2005 Source: Texas State Data Center Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Immigration into the United States, by Period and Area of Origin of Immigrants, (numbers in thousands) Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Estimates of the Unauthorized Population in the United States,

Characteristics of the Unauthorized Population in 2010 (Source: Pew Hispanic Center, 2010) ____________________________________________________ Nationally Total Number 11.2 million (peak number was 12.0 million in 2007) 3.7 percent of the Population of the United States 5.2 percent of the labor force 28 percent of Foreign Born (total of 40.2 million people are foreign born) Accounted for 8 percent of the births from March 2009 to March percent of parents of children born in immigrated before million children of unauthorized were born in US and are Citizens

Unauthorized Immigrants by State in 2010 (percent of state’s total population in parenthesis) _________________________________________________________ California, 2,550,000 (6.8%) Texas, 1,650,000 (6.7%) Florida, 825,000 (4.5%) New York, 625,000 (3.2%) New Jersey, 550,000 (6.2%) Illinois, 525,000 (4.1%) Georgia, 425,000 (4.4%) Arizona, 400,000 (6.0%) North Carolina, 325,000 (3.5%) Maryland, 275,000 (4.6%) (Nevada had 190,000 and the highest percent at 7.2%)

Source: PEW Hispanic Center, 2006

Immigrants are disproportionately low-skilled Source: 2009 American Community Survey

Foreign-born share of employment by occupation Source: 2005, BLS

Foreign-born share of job growth, by occupation Source: , BLS

Foreign-born share of employment growth by census division < Source: , BLS

Share of US scientists and engineers who are foreign-born large, increasing Source: Science and Engineering Indicators

Native and foreign-born labor force change, by education Source: ; BLS, Haver Analytics Thousands

Native and foreign-born labor force change, by education Source: ; BLS, Haver Analytics Thousands

Some lessons so far Immigration is pro-cyclical Immigrants are hurt more by recessions – Helped more by expansions Immigrants are in different industries/occupations/states than natives – Limits labor market competition – Migrant mobility speeds growth

Immigrants key to the recovery Labor force growth – Immigrants account for one-half labor force growth Efficiency gains – Complement native workers at high, low ends of skill distribution – Fill jobs natives shun – Move to where jobs are Productivity growth – High-skilled immigration instrumental in high-tech innovation, R&D Drawbacks – Winners and losers – Adverse fiscal impact of low-skilled immigration

Change State 2000 Population 2010 Population NumericPercent United States281,421,906308,745,53827,323, California33,871,64837,253,9563,382, Texas20,851,82025,145,5614,293, New York18,976,45719,378,102401, Florida15,982,37818,801,3102,818, Illinois12,419,29312,830,632411, Pennsylvania12,281,05412,702,379421, Ohio11,353,14011,536,504183, Michigan9,938,4449,883,640-54, Georgia8,186,4539,687,6531,501, North Carolina8,049,3139,535,4831,486, Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, Source: U.S. Census Bureau Ten Largest States in the United States by Population Size in 2010 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Change State 2000 Population 2010 PopulationNumericPercent United States281,421,906308,745,53827,323, Texas20,851,82025,145,5614,293, California33,871,64837,253,9563,382, Florida15,982,37818,801,3102,818, Georgia8,186,4539,687,6531,501, North Carolina8,049,3139,535,4831,486, Arizona5,130,6326,392,0171,261, Virginia7,078,5158,001,024922, Washington5,894,1216,724,540830, Colorado4,301,2615,029,196727, Nevada1,998,2572,700,551702, Ten States in the United States with the Largest Numeric Population Increase Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, Source: U.S. Census Bureau Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Change State 2000 Population 2010 Population NumericPercent United States281,421,906308,745,53827,323, Nevada1,998,2572,700,551702, Arizona5,130,6326,392,0171,261, Utah2,233,1692,763,885530, Idaho1,293,9531,567,582273, Texas20,851,82025,145,5614,293, North Carolina8,049,3139,535,4831,486, Georgia8,186,4539,687,6531,501, Florida15,982,37818,801,3102,818, Colorado4,301,2615,029,196727, South Carolina4,012,0124,625,364613, Ten States in the United States with the Largest Percentage Population Increase Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, Source: U.S. Census Bureau Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Regional Population Change as a Proportion of U.S. Population Change, Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population of the United States by Regions, Population values as of April 1, 2000 and April 1, Source: U.S. Census Bureau Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population in Thousands (Thousands) United States/ Regions United States76,212151,326179,323203,302226,546248,710281,422308,746 Regions Northeast Midwest South West

Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity* NumericPercent NH White (Anglo)10,933,31311,397,345464, Hispanic6,669,6669,460,9212,791, NH Black2,364,2552,886,825522, NH American Indian68,85980,58611, NH Asian554,445948,426393, NH Hawaiian/Pac. Isldr.10,75717,9207, NH Some Other Race19,95833,98014, NH Two or More Races230,567319,55888, Total20,851,82025,145,5614,293, ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the State of Texas, 2000 and 2010

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Age 18+ Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for Texas, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent NH Whites (Anglo)8,426,1669,074,684648, Hispanic (All Races)4,282,9016,143,1441,860, NH Black1,631,4482,076,282444, NH Asian 415, ,968301, NH "Other" Races70,61295,97325, NH Two or More Races138,715172,68633, State of Texas14,965,06118,279,7373,314, Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less than 18 Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for Texas, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent NH Whites (Anglo) 2,507,1472,322, , Hispanic (All Races) 2,386,7653,317,777931, NH Black 732,807810,543 77, NH Asian 139,226231,458 92, NH "Other" Races 28,96236,513 7, NH Two or More Races 91,852146,872 55, State of Texas 5,886,7596,865, , Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White194,552,774196,817,5522,264, Hispanic (All Races)35,305,81850,477,59415,171, NH Black33,947,83737,685,8483,738, NH Asian10,123,16914,465,1244,341, NH Other7,492,3089,299,4201,807, Total281,421,906308,745,53827,323,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population 18 and Older by Race/Ethnicity for the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White150,525,687157,100,9906,575, Hispanic (All Races)22,963,55933,346,70310,383, NH Black23,337,57327,323,6653,986, NH Asian7,702,89511,288,9953,586, NH Other4,598,3805,503,718905, Total209,128,094234,564,07125,435,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White44,027,08739,716,562-4,310, Hispanic (All Races)12,342,25917,130,8914,788, NH Black10,610,26410,362, , NH Asian2,420,2743,176,129755, NH Other2,893,9283,795,702901, Total72,293,81274,181,4671,887,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Central City Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 Population Population Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 139,254,963139,518,137263, Hispanic (All Races) 31,556,17644,653,79013,097, NH Black 28,330,04531,671,7713,341, NH Asian 9,531,41013,577,5164,046, NH Other 5,563,3576,855,3911,292, Total 214,235,951236,276,60522,040,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Suburban Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 15,112,25316,655,5211,543, Hispanic (All Races) 1,117,1142,003,979886, NH Black 1,505,6671,797,953292, NH Asian 240,705420,072179, NH Other 368,250547,655179, Total 18,343,98921,425,1803,081,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Non-Metropolitan Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 40,185,55840,643,894458, Hispanic (All Races) 2,632,5283,819,8251,187, NH Black 4,112,1254,216,124103, NH Asian 351,054467,536116, NH Other 1,560,7011,896,374335, Total 48,841,96651,043,7532,201,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Central City Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 30,849,68327,506,006-3,343, Hispanic (All Races) 10,972,72315,001,6124,028, NH Black 8,908,6018,775, , NH Asian 2,275,8742,973,879698, NH Other 2,144,2582,833,831689, Total 55,151,13957,090,5401,939,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Metropolitan Suburban Counties In the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 3,777,8313,750,909-26, Hispanic (All Races) 406,567731,989325, NH Black 450,858481,08030, NH Asian 59,990101,09841, NH Other 145,255237,25491, Total 4,840,5015,302,330461,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Non-Metropolitan Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 9,399,5738,459, , Hispanic (All Races) 962,9691,397,290434, NH Black 1,250,8051,105, , NH Asian 84,410101,15216, NH Other 604,415724,617120, Total 12,302,17211,788, ,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Non-Metropolitan Adjacent Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 6,188,2105,637, , Hispanic (All Races) 602,847898,757295, NH Black 870,789779,407-91, NH Asian 44,08656,86512, NH Other 348,016428,44480, Total 8,053,9487,800, ,

*Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non-Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non- Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Under Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Non-Metropolitan Non-Adjacent Counties in the United States, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation Change Percent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent Percent of Total Chg NH White 3,211,3632,822, , Hispanic (All Races) 360,122498,533138, NH Black 380,016326,484-53, NH Asian 40,32444,2873, NH Other 256,399296,17339, Total 4,248,2243,987, ,

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Southern Region, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/ NumericPercent Ethnicity* NH White (Anglo)70,614,26873,557,2102,942, Hispanic11,705,28818,439,9786,734, NH Black19,392,28122,265,6242,873, NH American Indian660,839762,472101, NH Asian1,961,2993,268,0351,306, NH Hawaiian/Pac. Isldr.43,81473,04129, NH Some Other Race123,635188,00364, NH Two or More Races1,330,6071,990,308659, Total105,832,031120,544,67114,712, ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Age 18 and Older by Race/Ethnicity for the Southern Region, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/ NumericPercent Ethnicity* NH White (Anglo)54,842,35158,700,4553,858, Hispanic7,858,21212,319,2674,461, NH Black13,307,91616,066,8762,758, NH American Indian459,080550,42991, NH Asian1,483,1992,494,1581,010, NH Hawaiian/Pac. Isldr.31,83452,60820, NH Some Other Race62,995106,81043, NH Two or More Races791,8491,039,875248, Total78,837,43691,330,47812,493, ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for the Southern Region, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/ NumericPercent Ethnicity* NH White (Anglo)15,771,91714,856, , Hispanic3,847,0766,120,7112,273, NH Black6,084,3656,198,748114, NH American Indian201,759212,04310, NH Asian478,100773,877295, NH Hawaiian/Pac. Isldr.11,98020,4338, NH Some Other Race60,64081,19320, NH Two or More Races538,758950,433411, Total26,994,59529,214,1932,219, ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for West Region, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White36,911,58738,006,3631,094, Hispanic (All Races)15,340,50320,596,4395,255, NH Black2,959,3953,214,563255, NH Asian4,932,2896,547,4401,615, NH Other3,054,1583,580,748526, Total63,197,93271,945,5538,747, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population 18 and Over by Race/Ethnicity for West Region, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White28,752,56530,726,8831,974, Hispanic (All Races)9,662,05413,411,9083,749, NH Black2,067,9872,406,163338, NH Asian3,805,7055,229,2211,423, NH Other1,878,1612,239,968361, Total46,166,47254,014,1437,847, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for West Region, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White8,159,0227,279, , Hispanic (All Races)5,678,4497,184,5311,506, NH Black891,408808,400-83, NH Asian1,126,5841,318,219191, NH Other1,175,9971,340,780164, Total17,031,46017,931,410899, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Arizona, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White3,274,2583,695,647421, Hispanic (All Races)1,295,6171,895,149599, NH Black149,941239,10189, NH Asian89,315170,50981, NH Other321,501391,61170, Total5,130,6326,392,0171,261, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Arizona, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White678,674677, Hispanic (All Races)493,143703,946210, NH Black46,68466,85220, NH Asian19,98438,19218, NH Other128,462142,27213, Total1,366,9471,629,014262, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Arkansas, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White2,100,1352,173,46973, Hispanic (All Races)86,866186,05099, NH Black416,615447,10230, NH Asian19,89235,64715, NH Other49,89273,65023, Total2,673,4002,915,918242, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Arkansas, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White485,434464,562-20, Hispanic (All Races)32,01674,95642, NH Black140,046133,215-6, NH Asian4,9288,8573, NH Other17,94529,88511, Total680,369711,47531, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Colorado, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White3,202,8803,520,793317, Hispanic (All Races)735,6011,038,687303, NH Black158,443188,77830, NH Asian93,277135,56442, NH Other111,060145,37434, Total4,301,2615,029,196727, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Colorado, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White729,020710,280-18, Hispanic (All Races)258,722374,225115, NH Black47,10949,9672, NH Asian22,89332,2259, NH Other43,05158,91215, Total1,100,7951,225,609124, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Nevada, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White1,303,0011,462,081159, Hispanic (All Races)393,970716,501322, NH Black131,509208,05876, NH Asian88,593191,047102, NH Other81,184122,86441, Total1,998,2572,700,551702, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Nevada, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White276,179262,783-13, Hispanic (All Races)146,234261,967115, NH Black40,73955,54814, NH Asian18,30236,47518, NH Other30,34548,23517, Total511,799665,008153, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for New Mexico, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White813,495833,81020, Hispanic (All Races)765,386953,403188, NH Black30,65435,4624, NH Asian18,25726,3058, NH Other191,254210,19918, Total1,819,0462,059,179240, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for New Mexico, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White165,301135,962-29, Hispanic (All Races)258,806302,07743, NH Black8,7898, NH Asian4,1325,3491, NH Other71,54667,275-4, Total508,574518,67210, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Oklahoma, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White2,556,3682,575,38119, Hispanic (All Races)179,304332,007152, NH Black257,981272,07114, NH Asian46,17264,15417, NH Other410,829507,73896, Total3,450,6543,751,351300, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Oklahoma, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White576,731519,877-56, Hispanic (All Races)70,078132,55062, NH Black83,31476,525-6, NH Asian10,76215,2244, NH Other151,475185,49034, Total892,360929,66637, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Utah, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White1,904,2652,221,719317, Hispanic (All Races)201,559358,340156, NH Black16,13725,9519, NH Asian36,48354,17617, NH Other74,725103,69928, Total2,233,1692,763,885530, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less Than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for Utah, 2000 and 2010 PopulationPopulation ChangePercent of Total Population Race/Ethnicity* NumericPercent Percent of Total Change NH White592,083658,15166, Hispanic (All Races)78,195143,84665, NH Black5,5919,5443, NH Asian8,90312,4183, NH Other33,92647,06813, Total718,698871,027152, *Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are Non-Hispanic. Non-Hispanic Other includes persons identifying themselves as Non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Native, Non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Non- Hispanic Some Other Race, or Non-Hispanic and a combination of two or more races. Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Prepared by the Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity* NumericPercent NH White (Anglo)3,043,3943,201,677158, Hispanic1,117,7171,752,166634, NH Black707,805941,695233, NH American Indian21,12024,7583, NH Asian193,512337,815144, NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander3,6925,4311, NH Some Other Race5,4959,0493, NH Two or More Races68,80999,18230, Total5,161,5446,371,7731,210, ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) as defined by OMB in *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Dallas-Ft. Worth-Arlington Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 and 2010

Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity* NumericPercent NH White(Anglo)726,422690,033-36, Hispanic408,769659,472250, NH Black227,287277,20549, NH American Indian5,3376, NH Asian51,09588,87637, NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander1,2971, NH Some Other Race2,4263,6161, NH Two or More Races28,07846,89318, Total1,450,7111,773,862323, ________ Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) as defined by OMB in *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Population Less than Age 18 in the Dallas-Ft. Worth-Arlington Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 and 2010

Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity* NumericPercent NH White (Anglo)410,777345,205-65, Hispanic422,587507,30984, NH Black304,824294,159-10, NH American Indian3,7053, NH Asian31,62633,6091, NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander NH Some Other Race1,2541, NH Two or More Races13,44012,232-1, Total1,188,5801,197,8169, ________ Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for Dallas, Texas, 2000 and 2010

Change Percent of Population Race/ Ethnicity* NumericPercent NH White(Anglo)60,18345,854-14, Hispanic150,255183,40733, NH Black92,44375,966-16, NH American Indian NH Asian6,9016, NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander NH Some Other Race NH Two or More Races4,4634, Total315,576317,1281, ________ Source: U.S. Census 2000 and 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races). Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Population Less than Age 18 in Dallas, Texas, 2000 and 2010

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown MSA, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent NH Whites (Anglo) 2,274,829 2,360,472 85, Hispanic (All Races) 1,353,477 2,099, , NH Black 783, , , NH Asian 226, , , NH "Other" Races 18,867 27,895 9, NH Two or More Races 57,971 75,542 17, Houston-Sugar Land- Baytown MSA 4,715,407 5,946,800 1,231, Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less than 18 Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown MSA, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent NH Whites (Anglo) 546, , , Hispanic (All Races) 489, , , NH Black 245, ,635 38, NH Asian 58,077 92,279 34, NH "Other" Races 5,753 8,358 2, NH Two or More Races 21,936 34,276 12, Houston-Sugar Land- Baytown MSA 1,367,993 1,662, , Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for the City of Houston, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent NH Whites (Anglo) 601, , , Hispanic (All Races) 730, , , NH Black 487, ,956 -1, NH Asian 102, ,859 22, NH "Other" Races 6,528 8,367 1, NH Two or More Races 23,830 22,700 -1, City Houston 1,953,631 2,099, , Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less Than 18 Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for the City of Houston, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race/Ethnicity* Numeric Percent NH Whites (Anglo)102,37879, , Hispanic (All Races)254,414306,315 51, NH Black147,819124, , NH Asian22,51522, NH "Other" Races1,8392, NH Two or More Races7,6938, Houston536,658543,024 6, Source: U.S. Census 2010, P.L * “Other Race” is comprised of Native American and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, and “Some Other Race” as per the Census 2000 and Census Hispanic includes persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (e.g., non- Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, etc.)

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for San Antonio-New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race Ethnicity* Numeric Percent NH White(Anglo)696,316773,80777, Hispanic863,1621,158,148294, NH Black102,441130,07027, NH American Indian4,6425, NH Asian22,85742,92420, NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander1,0992, NH Some Other Race1,8433,3031, NH Two or More Races19,34326,9357, Total1,711,7032,142,508430, Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population Less than Age 18 by Race/Ethnicity for San Antonio-New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race Ethnicity* Numeric Percent NH White(Anglo)151,728148,028-3, Hispanic289,103370,88681, NH Black30,0073,5173, NH American Indian1,0801, NH Asian4,8308,9124, ,01.5 NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander NH Some Other Race7441, NH Two or More Races7,8541,6963, Total485,622575,57089, Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Total Population by Race/Ethnicity for San Antonio, Texas, 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race Ethnicity* NumericPercent NH White(Anglo)364,357353,106-11, Hispanic671,394838,952167, NH Black74,77883,3658, NH American Indian2,6662, NH Asian17,08430,59613, NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander6641, NH Some Other Race1,1822, NH Two or More Races12,5215,4152, Total1,144,6461,327,407182, Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

Population, Population Change, and Proportion of the Population Less than 18 Years of Age by Race/Ethnicity for San Antonio, Texas 2000 and 2010 Change Percent of Population Race Ethnicity* Numeric Percent NH White(Anglo)73,91160,245-13, Hispanic221,262261,13039, NH Black21,61320,593-1, NH American Indian NH Asian3,5926,3042, NH Hawaiian/Pacific Islander NH Some Other Race NH Two or More Races5,0086,2571, Total326,657356,00029, Source: U.S. Census 2000 & 2010, P.L *Hispanic includes Hispanic persons of all races. All other race/ethnicity categories shown here are non-Hispanic (non-Hispanic White[Anglo], non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian, non-Hispanic Asian, non-Hispanic Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, non-Hispanic Some Other Race, non-Hispanic Two or More Races).

Percent of United States Population by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2000 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Percent of United States Population by Age Group and Ethnicity, 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND SOCIOECONOMIC CONDITIONS Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Total and Percent of the Southern Regional Population in Poverty and Median Household Income for Major Race/Ethnic Groups, 1999 and 2009 *In 2009 Dollars ^Includes Hispanic Persons of Any Race. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 and American Community Survey, Population in Poverty% Median Household Income* Population in Poverty% Median Household Income Anglo5,856,3429.1$54,6777,344, $51,752 Hispanic^2,580, $41,0774,218, $37,106 Black4,585, $35,8625,308, $32,710 Asian214, $64,247326, $64,848 Total Population13,569, $50,039 17,603, $46,198

Total and Percent of the Western Region Population in Poverty and Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 1999 and Population in Poverty% Median Household Income* Population in Poverty% Median Household Income NH White 2,941,9918.2$63,666 3,872, $58,566 Hispanic^ 3,332, $46,172 4,851, $42,223 Black 610, $45, , $40,949 Asian 596, $69, , $69,356 Total 8,051, $59,060 10,849, $53,686 *In 2010 Dollars. ^Includes Hispanic persons of any race. Not all race/ethnic groups are shown here but are included in the total. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 and American Community Survey, 2010

Total and Percent of the United States Population in Poverty and Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 1999 and Population in Poverty% Median Household Income* Population in Poverty% Median Household Income Anglo15,414,1198.1$58,52319,462, $54,671 Hispanic7,797, $43,44211,130, $39,923 Black8,146, $37,9569,407, $33,463 Asian1,257, $66,9611,539, $68,780 Other1,284, NA1,327, NA Total 33,899, $54,172 42,868, $50,221 *In 2009 Dollars Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 and American Community Survey, 2009 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Educational Attainment for the Population Age 25 and Older by Major Race/Ethnic Group in 2009, Southern Census Region Race/ Ethnicity Population Age 25 and Older Less than high school (%) High school diploma (%) Some college or associates degree (%) Bachelor or more (%) Non-Hispanic White48,676, Black12,942, Hispanic*9,435, Asian1,966, Total Population74,090, ________ Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey, *Includes Hispanic persons of all races.

Educational Attainment for the Population Age 25 and Older by Major Race/Ethnic Groups in 2010, Western Census Region Race/ Ethnicity Population Age 25 and Older Less than high school (%) High school diploma (%) Some college or associates degree (%) Bachelor or more (%) Non-Hispanic White27,438, Black2,095, Hispanic*10,921, Asian4,693, Total Population46,817, ________ Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey, Not all race/ethnic groups are shown here but are included in the total. *Includes Hispanic persons of all races.

Educational Attainment for the United States Population Age 25 and Older by Race/Ethnicity, 2009 Race Ethnicity Population Age 25 and Older Less than high school High school diploma Some college or associates degree Bachelor or more Non-Hispanic White139,962, Black22,975, Hispanic*26,106, Asian9,404, Total201,952, ________ Source: U.S. Census, American Community Survey, *Includes Hispanic persons of all races.

Average (Mean) SAT Scores for College Bound Seniors in the United States in 2001 by Selected Characteristics Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

PROJECTIONS Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Projections of the U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Numeric Change in the Projected U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050 (in millions) Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Projected Change in the U.S. Population by Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 to 2050

Projected Age Distribution of the U.S. Population: 2000 to 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Percent Race and Hispanic Origin Distribution of the U.S. Population by Selected Age Groups: 2000 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Projected Percent Race and Hispanic Origin Distribution of the U.S. Population by Selected Age Groups: 2050 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections of the Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity from 2010 to 2040

Percent of Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections of the Population in Texas by Race/Ethnicity from 2010 to 2040

Percent of Population by Age Group and Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projected Percent of Population by Age and Race/Ethnicity from 2020 to 2040 for Texas Under Alternative Scenarios of Age/Sex and Race/Ethnicity-Specific Net Migration

Projected Elementary and Secondary School, Community College and Public University Enrollment in the United States by Race/Ethnicity,

Percent of Projected Elementary and Secondary School, Community College and Public University Enrollment in the United States by Race/Ethnicity,

Percent of Net Change in Elementary and Secondary School, Community College and Public University Enrollment in the United States Due to Each Race/Ethnicity,

U.S. LABOR FORCE

Projections of the Civilian Labor Force of the United States from 2001 to 2050 by Race/Ethnicity from the Middle Projection Scenario

Percent of the Projections of the Civilian Labor Force of the United States from 2001 to 2050 by Race/Ethnicity for the Middle Projection Scenario

Percent Change for Selected Time Periods for Projected Civilian Labor Force by Race/Ethnicity for The United States,

Percent of Net Change in the U.S. Civilian Labor Force from Due to Each Race/Ethnicity Group Under Middle Scenario

TEXAS EDUCATION Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Enrollment and Change in Enrollment of Economically Disadvantaged and All Students by Ethnicity in Texas Public Schools, and School Years Enrollment10-Year ChangeProportion Race/Ethnicity NumericPercent Economically Disadvantaged White359,510443, 93384, African American369,393475,994106, Other36,73466,87430, Hispanic1,190,3631,866,376676, Total1,956,0002,853,177897, Total White1,727,7331,615, , African American576,977679,351102, Other114,979198,99284, Hispanic1,582,5382,354,042771, Total4,002,2274,847,844845, Source: Texas Education Agency, Enrollment in Texas Public Schools,

District/County/School Year White (%) African American (%)Hispanic (%) Asian/Pacific Islander (%) Native American (%) Total Enrollment Houston ISD (Harris) , ,245 Dallas ISD (Dallas) , ,162 Cypress-Fairbanks ISD (Harris) , ,097 Northside ISD (Bexar) , ,581 Austin ISD (Travis) , ,697 Fort Worth ISD ( Tarrant) , ,651 Fort Bend ISD (Fort Bend) , ,948 North East ISD (Bexar) , ,604 Arlington ISD (Tarrant) , ,484 El Paso ISD (El Paso) , ,330 Total Public School Students by Race/Ethnicity in the 10 Largest* School Districts in Texas, and *Largest enrollment based on school year Source: Data compiled by the Texas State Data Center from Texas Education Agency, Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS) District Profiles

Texas Higher Education Enrollment in Public Universities, Public 2-year Colleges and Health-related Institutions by Race/Ethnicity, 2000 and 2008 Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity Public Univ Public 2-year Colleges Health-related Institutions 2000 Enrollment White (%) African American (%) Hispanic (%) Asian (%) American Indian (%).5 International (%) Unknown (%) Total 2000 Enrollment414,626447,99813, Enrollment White (%) African American (%) Hispanic (%) Asian (%) American Indian (%).5.6 International (%) Unknown (%) Total 2008 Enrollment509,136617,50720,421 Source: Data compiled by the Texas State Data Center using data from the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board (THECB)

Public Elementary and Secondary Public Community College, and Public University Enrollment in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections to 2040 Assuming Rates of Net Migration Equal to (1.0 Scenario)

Percent of Public Elementary and Secondary, Public Community College and Public University Enrollment in Texas by Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projections to 2040 Assuming Rates of Net Migration Equal to (1.0 Scenario)

TEXAS LABOR FORCE Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Projections of Civilian Labor Force in Texas by Race/Ethnicity Assuming Alternative Projection Scenarios, 2000 to 2040 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Projections of the Percent of Civilian Labor Force in Texas by Race/Ethnicity Assuming Alternative Projection Scenarios, Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Average Household Income in Texas, * (in 2000 Dollars)

Projected Percent of Households in Poverty by Family Type in Texas, 2000 and 2040

Projected Percent of Labor Force by Educational Attainment in Texas, 2000 and 2040 Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Average Annual Household Income in Texas and the United States by Educational Attainment of Householder in 2000*

Percent of Persons 25 Years of Age or Older by Level of Educational Attainment and Race/Ethnicity in 2000 and Projected to 2040* Assuming Trends in Educational Attainment Rates Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

Aggregate Income and Consumer Expenditures for Population 25 Years of Age or Older in Texas in 2000 and Projected Under Alternative Educational Attainment Assumptions for 2040* *Source: Texas State Data Center. Projections are shown for the 1.0 scenario $251 $621 $765 $938 $210 $528 $629 $ Base Values 2040 Assuming 2000 Attainment Differentials 2040 Assuming Trends in Differentials 2040 Assuming Anglo Trends Apply to all Groups $0 $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200 Billions Aggregate IncomeConsumer Expenditures Hobby Center for the Study of Texas at Rice University

The mark of a truly educated man is to be moved deeply by statistics. George Bernard Shaw

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