1. Texas: Demographic Characteristics and Trends
Osher Lifelong Learning Institute
Education: Crisis and Opportunity
October 12, 2011
Austin, TX
Lila Valencia is Legislative Liaison and Research Associate at the Office of the State Demographer.

2. Growing States, 2000-2010 United States 281,421,906 308,745,538
Population*
2010
Numerical
Change
Percent
United States
281,421,906
308,745,538
27,323,632
9.7%
Texas
20,851,820
25,145,561
4,293,741
20.6%
California
33,871,648
37,253,956
3,382,308
10.0%
Florida
15,982,378
18,801,310
2,818,932
17.6%
Georgia
8,186,453
9,687,653
1,501,200
18.3%
North Carolina
8,049,313
9,535,483
1,486,170
18.5%
Arizona
5,130,632
6,392,017
1,261,385
24.6%
Population values are decennial census counts for April 1, 2000 and April 1, 2010.
15.7% of numerical change in U.S.
Texas is the second largest state in terms of population (2nd to CA) and area (2nd to AK). In terms of number of people, Texas’ growth exceeds that of all other states between 2000 and 2010.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and 2010 Census Counts.

3. Total Population and Components of Population Change in Texas, 1950-2009
Percent Change Due to
Year*
Population
Numerical
Change
Natural
Increase
Net
Migration
Percent
1950
7,711,194 --
1960
9,579,677
1,868,483
1,754,652
113,831
24.2
93.91
6.09
1970
11,196,730
1,617,053
1,402,683
214,370
16.9
86.74
13.26
1980
14,229,191
3,032,461
1,260,794
1,771,667
27.1
41.58
58.42
1990
16,986,510
2,757,319
1,815,670
941,649
19.9
65.85
34.15
2000
20,851,820
3,865,310
1,919,281
1,946,029
22.8
49.65
50.35
2009
24,782,302
3,930,484
2,124,124
1,781,785
18.8
54.04
45.33
*All values for the decennial dates are for the indicated census year. Values for 2009 are for July 1 as estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Source: Derived from U.S. Census Bureau Estimates for dates indicated by the Texas State Data Center.
Note: Residual values are not presented in this table.
The components of change include natural increase (births-deaths) and net migration (in-out migration). In recent years, natural increase and net migration have contributed almost equally to Texas’ growth. Natural increase is much more predictable and stable than net migration. Net migration tends to fluctuate with economic factors.

4. Estimated Annual Net Migration to Texas, 2000-2009
Migration into Texas has made very significant contributions to our population growth for the past few decades. International migration is estimated to have made significant contributions this decade. Generally, international migration is regulated and tends not to vary substantially from year to year. Internal (state-to-state) migration is estimated to have increased significantly in the middle of this decade and has remained relatively high. However, with the economic downturn, internal migration into Texas is likely slowed. Internal migration is not regulated by the government and is largely driven by the presence or absence of jobs and economic opportunity. Therefore, internal migration tends to be variable and dependent upon economic fluctuations.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates.

5. States with Largest Estimated Unauthorized Immigrant Populations, 2010
Estimate (thousands)
Range
California
2,550
(2, ,750)
Texas
1,650
(1, ,850)
Florida
825
( )
New York
625
( )
New Jersey
550
( )
Illinois
525
( )
Georgia
425
( )
Arizona
400
( )
Texas has an estimated 1.65 million unauthorized immigrants. Assuming most unauthorized migrants were counted in the Census, this represents about 6.5% of the total population.
Source: Pew Hispanic Center estimates based on residual methodology applied to March Supplements to the Current Population Survey (February 1, 2011).

6. Total Population by County, 2010
Population % Change, 2000 to 2010
Texas population growth is not occurring uniformly across counties. The map on the left shows the counties of Harris, Bexar, Dallas, Tarrant, and Travis are the most populated in the State. Collin, Denton, Fort Bend, Hidalgo, and El Paso counties also have significant population concentrations. Many counties west of Interstate 35 are more sparsely populated.
The darker blue colors on the map on the right indicate counties with greater percentage change. The counties that are shaded in tan mostly experienced negative change, or population decline. Thus, many of the more rural, less populated counties have experienced declines in population over the past ten years. Most counties experienced increases within 10% to 25%, while a smaller number of counties surrounding urbanized areas experienced significant growth beyond 25%.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau P.L Redistricting Data.
Maps produced by the Texas State Data Center.

7. Texas Racial and Ethnic Composition,
As of the 2000 Census, about 53% of Texas’ population was non-Hispanic Anglo, about 32% where of Hispanic descent, about 11% where non-Hispanic African American, and about 4% were non-Hispanic Other.
In 2010, it is estimated that about 45% of the Texas population was non-Hispanic Anglo, 38% of Hispanic descent, 11% were non-Hispanic African American, and about 6% were non-Hispanic Other (largely of Asian descent).
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and 2010 Census Counts.

8. Texas Racial & Ethnic Composition and Change, 2000 and 2010
Race/Ethnicity
2000
2010
Change
Percent of Population
Numeric
Percent
NH White
10,933,313
11,397,345
464,032
4.2
52.4
45.3
Hispanic
6,669,666
9,460,921
2,791,255
41.8
32.0
37.6
NH Black
2,364,255
2,886,825
522,570
22.1
11.3
11.5
NH Asian
554,445
948,426
393,981
71.1
2.7
3.8
NH Other
330,141
452,044
121,903
36.9
1.6
1.8
Texas
20,851,820
25,145,561
4,293,741
20.6
100.0
The NH White population accounted for 11% of the total population growth in Minorities accounted for 89%. Hispanics accounted for 65% of the total population growth. Of the 4.3 million people added to the Texas population in 2010, 2.8 million were Hispanic.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and 2010 P.L Redistricting Data.

9. Population by County, 2010 Non-Hispanic White Hispanic
The non-Hispanic White population is concentrated in the five urban counties of Harris, Bexar, Dallas, Tarrant, and Travis. The counties surrounding these urban centers also hold concentrations of this population.
The Hispanic population of Texas is most concentrated in Harris, Dallas, Bexar, Hidalgo, and El Paso counties. With the exception of El Paso, the surrounding counties of these Hispanic concentrated counties have significant Hispanic populations.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau P.L Redistricting Data.
Maps produced by the Texas State Data Center.

10. Population by County, 2010 Non-Hispanic Black Non-Hispanic Asian
The Black population in Texas is also most concentrated in Dallas and Harris counties and to a lesser extent in their surrounding counties. A significant Black population can also be seen in Bexar, Travis, and other east Texas counties. The Asian population of Texas is most concentrated in Dallas and Harris. Travis, Tarrant, Collin, and Fort Bend also have sizable Asian communities.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau P.L Redistricting Data.
Maps produced by the Texas State Data Center.

11. Percent Change in Population by County, 2000 to 2010
Non-Hispanic White
Hispanic
161 counties lost non-Hispanic Anglo population over the decade while 92 counties gained non-Hispanic Anglo population.
232 counties gained Hispanic population, while only 22 lost Hispanic population.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and 2010 P.L Redistricting Data.
Maps produced by the Texas State Data Center.

12. Percent Change in Population by County, 2000 to 2010
Non-Hispanic Black
Non-Hispanic Asian
204 counties gained in Asian population while only 38 lost Asian population over the decade (12 counties remained unchanged).
117 counties gained Black population while 133 lost Black population.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and 2010 P.L Redistricting Data.
Maps produced by the Texas State Data Center.

13. Projected Racial and Ethnic Population Percentages for Texas, 2000-2040
The migration scenario is likely the most realistic to consider in short term projections. Using this scenario, the number of Hispanics will likely exceed the number of non-Hispanic Anglos in the State around 2015.
Source: Texas State Data Center Population Projections, Migration Scenario.

14. Texas Population Pyramid, 2010
Median age
Source: Derived from U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Summary File 1 data by the Office of the State Demographer.

15. Texas Population Pyramids by Race/Ethnicity, 2010
Texas is young. Approximately 27% of Texas are under 18, and 10% of the population is over 65 years. However, this age distribution varies by race/ethnicity. This Texas population pyramid indicates that the portion of the population that is non-Hispanic White is generally older than the other racial/ethnic groups. The portion of the population that is of Hispanic descent is comparatively young. This is also true for the African American portion of the population.
Median age
Source: Derived from U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Summary File 1 data by the Office of the State Demographer.

16. Texas Population 18 and Older by Race/Ethnicity, 2000 and 2010
Change
Percent of Population
Numeric
Percent
NH White
8,426,166
9,074,684
648,518
7.7
56.3
49.6
Hispanic
4,282,901
6,143,144
1,860,243
43.4
28.6
33.6
NH Black
1,631,448
2,076,282
444,834
27.3
10.9
11.4
NH Asian
415,219
716,968
301,749
72.7
2.8
3.9
NH Other
209,327
268,659
59,332
28.3
1.4
1.5
Texas
14,965,061
18,279,737
3,314,676
22.2
100.0
Differential population growth by race/ethnicity is especially evident when looking at race/ethnic shares among those 18 and over and those under 18 years of age. Among those 18 and older, non-Hispanic Whites constitute the majority of the population at 50%. Hispanics make up 34% of those 18 and over, and NH Blacks, NH Asians, and NH Other make up 11%, 4%, and 2%, respectively.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and 2010 P.L Redistricting Data.

17. Texas Population Under 18 by Race/Ethnicity, 2000 and 2010
Change
Percent of Population
Numeric
Percent
NH White
2,507,147
2,322,661
-184,486
-7.4
42.6
33.8
Hispanic
2,386,765
3,317,777
931,012
39.0
40.5
48.3
NH Black
732,807
810,543
77,736
10.6
12.5
11.8
NH Asian
139,226
231,458
92,232
66.3
2.4
3.4
NH Other
120,814
183,385
62,571
51.8
2.0
2.7
Texas
5,886,759
6,865,824
979,065
16.6
100.0
Among those under 18 years of age, Hispanics make up close to half of the population in Non-Hispanic Blacks and Asians make up similar proportions of the 18 and older as well as the under 18 populations, with about 11% for non-Hispanic Blacks and 3% for non-Hispanic Asians.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau and 2010 P.L Redistricting Data.

18. Population Aged 65 Years and Older in Texas Counties, 2010
Percent of total population
Population 65 years plus
Texas is also aging. The age structure of many of the more rural counties are becoming older compared to more urban counties. While many of the urban counties have smaller percentages of their population in the older ages, the actual numbers of people aged 65+ are increasingly concentrated in urban counties and the southern border.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau Summary File 1 Data.
Maps produced by the Texas State Data Center.

19. Percent of Persons Aged 65 Years and Older in Texas Counties, 2000 Census and 2040 Projected
These two maps demonstrate the projected shift in the age structure of Texas at the county level. The age-structure in many counties in Texas will become older over the coming decades. The urban counties and the border counties will become older but not to the same extent as many of the more rural counties.
Source: Texas State Data Center Population Projections, 0.5 Migration Scenario.
Maps produced by the Texas State Data Center.

20. Education in Texas

21. Educational attainment of persons 25+ years of age by ethnicity, Texas, 2010
Educational attainment in Texas varies by race/ethnicity. While 34% of non-Hispanic Whites have a bachelor’s degree or higher, only 11% of Hispanics have this level of educational attainment. African Americans fall in the middle of this range with just under 20% having a bachelor’s degree or higher. Hispanics have the highest share of persons with less than a high school diploma at 43%. Eight percent of non-Hispanic whites and 14% of African Americans have less than a high school education.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.

22. Percent of People 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed High School (includes equivalency)by Rural and Non-Metro Areas and County,
Of the 177 non-metropolitan counties, 6% (10 counties) had more than 85% of their adult population with at least a high school degree. Of the 77 metropolitan counties 25% (19 counties) had more than 85% of their adult population with at least a high school degree
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 5-Year Sample
Map produced by the Texas State Data Center.

23. Percent of People 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed a Bachelor’s Degree by Rural and Non-Metro Areas and County,
Of the 177 non-metropolitan counties, 6% (10 counties) had more than 25% of their adult population with at least a bachelor’s degree. Of the 77 metropolitan counties 23% (18 counties) had more than 25% of their adult population with at least a bachelor’s degree. Adults in metropolitan counties are much more likely than adults in non-metropolitan counties to have at least a bachelor’s degree.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 5-Year Sample
Map produced by the Texas State Data Center.

24. Educational Attainment Among Persons in the Labor Force, Texas 2009
Non-Hispanic White
Non-Hispanic Black
Hispanic
Non-Hispanic Other
Total
Number %
Less than High School
405,592
6.7
133,084
9.9
1,481,057
35.5
60,424
9.6
2,080,157
17.0
High School graduate
1,375,979
22.7
397,979
29.5
1,135,831
27.2
105,976
16.9
3,015,765
24.7
Some college/Associate’s degree
2,120,460
35.0
554,526
41.0
1,076,281
25.8
160,037
25.5
3,911,304
32.0
Bachelor’s degree
1,467,992
24.2
180,943
13.4
353,220
8.5
167,999
26.8
2,170,154
17.8
Graduate or Professional degree
688,951
11.4
84,423
6.2
130,678
3.1
133,122
21.2
1,037,174
Total civilian labor force
6,058,974
100.0
1,350,955
4,177,067
627,558
12,214,554
Source: Derived from 2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates by the Office of the State Demographer.

25. Public K-12 Education

26. Public K-12 Enrollment
Texas public school enrollment during the school year exceeded 4.0 million students. By , enrollment had risen to 4.8 million students. Over the 10-year time period, total enrollment increased by 845,617 students, or 21.1 percent.
Source: Texas Education Agency. Enrollment in Texas Public Schools (Table 2).

27. Public K-12 Enrollment
Between the and school years, enrollment increased for all ethnic groups except Whites. Enrollment of White students declined by 6.5 percent.
Hispanics had the largest numerical increase in enrollment, growing by 771,504 students (or 48.8%) over the decade. In , Hispanic students accounted for the largest percentage of total enrollment (48.6%), followed by White students (33.3%). The first school year in which the number of Hispanic students surpassed the number of White students was
Source: Texas Education Agency. Enrollment in Texas Public Schools (Table 4).

28. Public K-12 Enrollment
During the school year, there were 1,956,000 economically disadvantaged students, representing 48.9 percent of all students. By , the number of economically disadvantaged students had risen to 2,853,177, or 58.9 percent of all students. The 45.9 percent increase in economically disadvantaged students was more than double the 21.1 percent increase in the total public school population.
While not shown here, the number of economically disadvantaged students within each ethnic group also increased between the and school years.
Source: Texas Education Agency. Enrollment in Texas Public Schools (Table 5).

29. Public Higher Education

30. Public Higher Education
In 2010, 418,293 students were enrolled in Texas 4-year public universities. The number of Hispanics enrolled in Texas public universities has been on the rise since In the Fall of 1993, 59,409 Hispanic students were enrolled in public 4-year universities and in Fall ,389 Hispanics enrolled. This was an increase of over 100%.
Source: Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board.
Note: Not all race/ethnicity categories that were reported are included in table.

31. Public Higher Education
In the academic year, 79,472 students earned bachelor degrees from Texas 4-year public institutions. The number of Hispanics earning Bachelor’s Degrees at Texas public universities has also consistently increased since During the academic year, 4,398 Hispanic students earned a Bachelor’s degree at a Public University and in ,132 Hispanics graduated. This is an increase of over 350%.
Source: Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board.
Note: Not all race/ethnicity categories that were reported are included in table.

32. Socioeconomic and Labor Force Implications

33. Earnings and Education
This chart depicts the relationship between earnings and educational attainment. Those with less than a high school education report median earnings of around $20k. Those with a bachelor’s degree have median earnings that are twice as high as those of individuals’ with a high school degree or GED.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates (B20004).
Note: Earnings in 2010 inflation adjusted dollars.

34. Median Household Income by County, 2005-2009
Median household income in Texas between 2005 and 2009 was estimated to be $48,199. The darker green areas of the map highlight counties with higher median household incomes. These are located mostly in counties with large urban centers, including Harris and Travis, in counties surrounding Dallas and Bexar, and in the Hill Country and other areas of West Texas and the Texas Panhandle. The counties with lower median household incomes can be seen along the southern border and in some parts of West Texas.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 5-Year Sample
Map produced by the Texas State Data Center.

35. Percent of People Below Poverty in the Past 12 Months (for whom poverty status is determined)
Between 2005 and 2009, it is estimated that 3.9 million Texans were living below the poverty level. This map depicts where these individuals reside. Of 177 non-metropolitan counties 36% (63 counties) had more than 20% living in poverty while of the 77 metropolitan counties 6% (5 counties) had 20% or more of their population living in poverty.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 5-Year Sample
Map produced by the Texas State Data Center.

36. Projected Percent of Labor Force by Educational Attainment in Texas, 2000 and 2040tc
Source: Texas State Data Center Population Projections, 1.0 Migration Scenario.

37. Demographics & Destiny

38. Demographics & Destiny
Texas is growing, and growing fast.
Texas is young, but aging.
Texas continues to diversify.
Racial/ethnic disparities remain
in many areas important to the
future of Texas.

39. Office of the State Demographer
Contact
Office: (512) or (210) Website:
Office of the State Demographer
The Office of the State Demographer and the Texas State Data Center are committed to supporting your work through providing you with the best, most accurate, and objective information we can identify about our greatest asset, the people of Texas.