Reconstruction Review

Reconstruction Plans 1865 – 1877 Lincoln’s Plan – 10% plan 10% 0f the voting population of a state in the 1860 has to take a loyalty oath – The states never left the union – Had to reunite the north and south quickly as possible – “ and malice towards none”

Johnson’s Plan Mirror’s Lincoln’s plan Wants to unite the north and south quickly as possible. 15 th amendment/states had to ratify the 15 th amendment and write new constitutions.

Radical Republicans Harshly punish southern states Divide the south into 5 military districts To protect the newly won rights of African Americans Freedman’s bureau: provide services to freed slaves such as food, housing, jobs and education. Passed the Civil War Amendments 13 th, 14 th, 15 th 13 th Amendment: freed slaves 14 th : made African Americans citizens 15 th : gave right to vote to African American males

Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Who would control reconstruction: the executive branch or the legislative branch Tenure of Office Act: checks and balances issue Johnson is found not guilty

Obstacles to African American rights Supreme Court narrowly defined the 14 th and 15 th amendments Supreme Court decides that separate but equal is constitutional: Plessy v Ferguson Jim Crow laws: separate but equal Black Codes: vagrancy laws, voting laws: grandfather clause, poll taxes, literacy tests, carrying gun, curfews Meant to limit the new found rights Race riots in Memphis Tenn Lynching KKK

Sharecropping Southern plantations Provide cheap labor on former plantation Gave land to African Americans in exchange for crops Keep African Americans poor and tied to the land Sharecropping and tenant farming was considered another form of slavery. Began to go north

Movement West Homestead Act land given by government to farmers in exchange for a promise to develop0 the land. Gold Rush Completion of transcontinental railroad End of the plains Indians/buffalo/ killing off of the buffalo Great Plains/flat

Indian wars 1850s to 1890s The decline of the Plains Indians can be traced to the – Homestead Act – The mass killing of the buffalo – The transcontinental railroad Red Cloud’s War 1865 to Battle at Wounded Knee American soldiers open fire on unarmed Sioux killing 200 Dawes Act 1887 Americanizing Native Americans – Break up tribes and reservations and give land directly to individuals – Native Americans who abandoned tribal ways would be granted deeds to their land and US citizenship – Government policies reduced the size of Native American Population and had made them among the poorest Americans.