3. RECONSTRUCTION  After the Civil War the nation had to be REUNITED AND REBUILT  Lincoln’s plan was very lenient towards the South- wanted the country reunited.

4. FREEDMAN’S BUREAU Gave food and clothing to former slaves Helped poor whites as well. Gave medical care to 1 million people One of the most important tasks was to set up schools for freedmen. Helped create the system of public schools as well as colleges

5. A Bureau agent stands between armed groups of Southern whites and Freedmen in this 1868 picture from Harper's WeeklyHarper's Weekly

6. Schools were set up for Freedmen. Most of the teachers were volunteers, often women, from the North.

7. Not everyone agreed with the Freedman’s Bureau…..

8. Lincoln is assassinated! President Lincoln's funeral procession in New York City. From Harper's Weekly, May 13, 1865. Eleven thousand military men and 75,000 civilians marched in Lincoln's funeral procession in New York City

9. ANDREW JOHNSON Becomes President and continues reconstruction Passed the 13 th Amendment: IT BANNED SLAVERY THROUGHOUT THE NATION

10. 13th Amendment  Ratified in December, 1865. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

11. REUNITED? REBUILT? The South ratifies the 13 th Amendment and rejoins the union BUT… Elected the same people who rebelled against the union in the first place! Still hung Confederate Flags in their capitals! Passed Black Codes

12. BLACK CODES Were passed in the South to keep African Americans from power  Forbade freedmen to vote, own guns, or serve on juries  In some states could ONLY work as a farm laborer or servant  Had to sign a work contract for a year or could be arrested

13. RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION Congress Rebels and refuse to allow the “new” Congressmen to take their seats SHOWDOWN BETWEEN PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS. Thaddeus Stevens of PA in the House and Charles Sumner of PA in the Senate

14. Goals of Radical Republicans 1. Break the power of the wealthy plantation owner 2. Ensure African Americans were given the right to vote PASSED the Civil Rights Act of 1866- gave citizenship to African Americans

15. 14th Amendment Ratified in July, 1868. –Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people. –Gave citizenship to African Americans –It guaranteed citizens “equal protection of the laws” and forbade any state –“to deprive any person, of life, liberty, or property without due process of law”

16. South under military rule- Reconstruction Act 1867 South was divided into 5 military districts. Had to write new constitutions and ratify the 14 th Amendment Also had to allow African Americans to vote

17. Southern States Population Stats StateWhite CitizensFreedmen SC291,000411,000 MS353,000436,000 LA357,000350,000 GA591,000465,000 AL596,000437,000 VA719,000533,000 NC631,000331,000

19. IMPEACHMENT On Feb. 24, 1868 the House of Representatives voted to IMPEACH Johnson The Senate tried the case. The trial took 11 weeks- Johnson was acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote).

20. 15th Amendment Ratified in 1870. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote!

21. Life in the South for African Americans Sharecropping Intimidation: KKK Limited freedom Jim Crow Laws

22. Sharecropping

24. Tenancy & the Crop Lien System Furnishing MerchantTenant FarmerLandowner  Loan tools and seed up to 60% interest to tenant farmer to plant spring crop.  Farmer also secures food, clothing, and other necessities on credit from merchant until the harvest.  Merchant holds “lien” {mortgage} on part of tenant’s future crops as repayment of debt.  Plants crop, harvests in autumn.  Turns over up to ½ of crop to land owner as payment of rent.  Tenant gives remainder of crop to merchant in payment of debt.  Rents land to tenant in exchange for ¼ to ½ of tenant farmer’s future crop.

25. 1868 Presidential Election

26. Black & White Political Participation