1. Reconstruction Chapter 16

2. Vocab Reconstruction The period from 1865-1877 during which the states that were part of the Confederacy were controlled buy the federal government before being readmitted into the Union. There were several plans for Reconstruction after the war.

3. Vocab Jim Crow Laws Laws passed by southern states that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, and even cemeteries. Jim Crow laws made segregation legal in the south.

4. Vocab Segregation Legal separation of races Segregation would last for 100 years in the South.

5. Vocab Sharecropping A system of farming in which a farmer rents a portion of land from a plantation owner and in return gives them a significant portion of their crops. Sharecropping kept southern African Americans in a constant cycle of debt.

6. Question #1 How did plans to unify the nation differ after the war?

7. Reconstruction Plans 3 Plans Ten Percent Plan 1863 Wade Davis Bill 1864 Radical Republicans 1867

8. Ten Percent Plan Created by Lincoln 10% of the population would have to swear loyalty to the Union Each state would have to abolish slavery in their new State Constitutions After this they could elect members to Congress & take part in the National Government

9. Wade-Davis Bill Supported by President Andrew Johnson Required a majority of White Southern Men to swear loyalty to the Union in each state Denied the right to vote or hold office to anyone who volunteered to fight for the Confederacy

10. Question 2 What were the results of Radical Reconstruction?

11. Radical Reconstruction Supported by the Radical Republicans Threw out the Southern State Governments that refused to ratify the 14 th amendment ( all former confederate states except Tennessee) Divided the South into 5 military districts Each district was commanded by the army general

12. Radical Reconstruction Con’t Former Confederate states had to write new state constitutions Each state had to ratify the 14 th Amendment to rejoin the Union African Americans must have the right to vote in each state to re enter the Union

13. Question #3 In what ways did government change in the south during Reconstruction?

14. Civil Rights Amendments 3 Amendments added to the U.S. Constitution 13 th Amendment was Ratified in 1865 14 th Amendment was Ratified in 1868 15 th Amendment was Ratified in 1870

15. 13 th Amendment Banned Slavery in every U.S. State

16. 14 th Amendment Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States This included nearly all African Americans Granted all citizens “equal protection of the law” and declared that no state could “deprive any person of Life, Liberty and property without Due Process of Law” This provision made it illegal for states to discriminate against an individual on unreasonable grounds such as the color of a person’s skin

17. 15 th Amendment Forbade any state from denying African Americans the right to vote because of race

18. Forces in Southern Politics Scalawags White southern Republicans They were considered traitors because they supported the republican party They wanted to forget the war and start rebuilding the south

19. Forces in Southern Politics Con’t Carpet Baggers Northerners who moved south 3 types of carpet baggers 1. in search of a fortune in the rebuilding of the South 2. Union soldiers who had fallen in love with the South during the war 3. Reformers who wanted to help the Freedman

20. Separate but Not Equal 2 ways African Americans were discriminated against in the South Voting Restrictions Jim Crow Plessy Vs. Ferguson was a landmark Supreme Court Case

21. Question #4 How did the South change politically, economically,and socially, when reconstruction ended?

22. Voting Restrictions Poll Taxes- required voters to pay a fee for each time they voted Poor freedman could rarely afford to vote Literacy Tests- required voters to read and explain a difficult part of the U.S. Constitution Since Freedman had little education, such tests kept them away from the polls

23. Voting Restrictions Con’t Grandfather Clauses- If a voters father or grandfather had been eligible to vote On January 1,1867 he, the voter, did not have to take a literacy test. Since no African Americans had the right to vote before 1868, this was a way to ensure that only white men could vote This helped poor white farmers who could not pay the poll tax or pass the literacy test

24. Jim Crow Laws Segregation- Became the law of the South Separating people of different races Jim Crow Laws- Southern States passed laws that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, hospitals, and even cemeteries

25. Plessy Vs Ferguson In 1896, the Supreme Court upheld Segregation. Legal for facilities to be separate as long as they were equal for whites and blacks Facilities were rarely equal Would not be reversed until the Linda Brown vs. The School Board of Topeka Kansas Case.