 Nucleic Acids store important information in a cell.  The 2 different nucleic acids are DNA and RNA.  RNA stores and transfers information that helps make proteins. Green = info for test

 The monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotide which is made of 3 main components; A Phosphate group, a five- Carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base. Green = info for test

DNARNA  A deoxyribonucleic acid, the material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics.  A ribonucleic acid, a natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in making proteins. Green = info for test

 Hydrophobic means to have fear of water  Hydrophilic means to be attracted to water  The carboxyl end of the carbon chain is polar (which means its attracted to water) and the hydro-carbon end is nonpolar and tends not to interact with water molecules (hydrophobic) Lipid bilayer Green = info for test

 fats and steroids = lipids  Lipids are mostly made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms and not that much of oxygen  Some examples of lipids are fats, steroids, soaps, detergent, animal fat, candle wax, and cholesterol. Green = info for test

this whole slide = info for test

 Fatty acids are unbranched carbon chains that make up lipids  Saturated fatty acids have carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to four atoms – all single bonds  Unsaturated fatty acids have carbon atoms that have formed double bonds within the carbon chain and are not bonded to the maximum amount of atoms to which it can bond  Unsaturated fats are healthier for you. Saturated fats clog our arteries and directly raise total and LDL (bad) cholesterol levels Green = info for test

 Steroids- center of a cholesterol molecule, needed to make important substance like vitamin D = lipids  Waxes - water resistant; it gives water proof layers to wherever it is; it is usually a long chain of hydrocarbons, alcohols, or esters = lipids Green = info for test

 Triglycerides - chemical forms which most fat exists in food as well as in the body. It is also found in blood plasma, and could cause disease if too much is in the body. = lipids  Phospholipids - fat derivatives in which one fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate group and one nitrogen-containing molecules. It is the main structural component of biological membranes Green = info for test

 Condensation (or dehydration) reaction?  A chemical reaction in which two or more molecules combined to produce water or another simple molecule.  Condensation- is named this because water is produced.  Dehydration- is called this because your taking away the hydration. Green = info for test

 To create polymers….  A series of condensation steps take place; whereby monomers or monomer chains add to each other to form longer chains and that is condensation polymerization. Green = info for test

 Hydrolysis reaction  A chemical reaction between water and another substance, to form two or more new substances; the reaction between water and a salt to create an acid or a base. – large molecules are broken apart Green = info for test

produces energy

Carbohydrates are an organic compound present in the cells of all living things and a major organic nutrient for humans They are composed mostly of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Green = info for test

A monosaccharide is a monomer of carbohydrates. It is the simplest form of sugar and generally has no color and is water soluble. The chemical formula is CH 2 O Green = info for test

A monosaccharide is the simplest sugars; the simplest group of carbohydrates Ex: glucose, fructose Disaccharide = the carbohydrate formed when two monosaccharide undergo a condensation reaction Polysaccharide- structures formed of repeating units joined together by glycoside bonds. Green = info for test

They are the main energy source for the human body. Animals (including humans) break down carbs during the process of metabolism to release energy. Green = info for test

Provide energy through metabolism pathways + cycles. Supply carbon for synthesis of other compounds. From structural components in plant cells + tissue. Store energy in the form of starch (in plants) or glycogen (in animals + humans) Green = info for test

Functions of protein  Gives you energy  Make enzymes which speed up chemical reactions  Contractive proteins help you move  Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen Green = info for test

Tissues proteins make up  Proteins make up muscle Green = info for test

Amino Acids  Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins  The function of amino acids are to build and repair muscle tissue Green = info for test

1. What is the monomer of each biological molecule? 2. What two elements are most commonly found in ALL four biological molecules? 3. What is/are the function(s) of each biological molecule? Green = info for test