Reading Strategies Are used by a READER to understand the text

Visualize Picture in your mind

Predict Guess what will happen next

Connect Relate to your life, outside world, or other literature

Question Who, What, When, Where, Why, How?

Infer Assume based on evidence

Literary Terms Are used by a WRITER to help the reader, or to improve their writing

Plot Sequence of events in a story exposition Rising action climax Falling action Resolution/ denouement Exposition: provides some background and informs the readers about the plot, character, setting, and theme of the essay/story. Denouement: The final resolution or clarification of a dramatic or narrative plot.

Theme The message of a story It should be expressed as a complete sentence. It may be about life, society, or human nature Themes often explore timeless, or universal ideas It may be implied rather than explicitly stated.

Example of theme: Violence only begets more violence

Note about Theme vs. Motif A motif is different from a theme A MOTIF is a recurring important idea or image. Unlike theme, it can be expressed as a single word or fragmentary phrase An example of motif in The Glass Castle would be fire.

Setting The time and place of a story

Point of View Who is telling the story? ◦ 1 st Person: character in the story, “I” ◦ 3 rd Person Limited: not a character, “he, she” ◦ 3 rd Person Omniscient: outside narrator, knows all

Conflict A problem between two forces Conflict can be internal or external: ◦ Internal: Person vs. Self ◦ External: Person vs. Person, Person vs. Nature, Person vs. Society

Characterization The way the author develops a character ◦ a) Direct: author tells the info ◦ b) Indirect: author hints, we infer ◦ a)Static: character stays the same ◦ b)Dynamic: character changes

Symbol Object that represents an idea A symbol must be something tangible or visible, while the idea it symbolizes must be something abstract or universal. (In other words, a symbol must be something you can hold in your hand or draw a picture of, while the idea it symbolizes must be something you can’t hold in your hand or draw a picture of.) Example : The american flag

Foreshadowing Hints at what’s to come

Mood Emotion (the audience’s) created by a work It refers to the general sense of feeling the READER is supposed to get from the text. Mood is a literary element not a technique. You would not say “The author uses mood,” you would instead say “The mood is…”

Example of Mood The mood of Macbeth is dark, murky and mysterious

Tone The speaker’s attitude toward a subject It refers only to what the character is thinking/feeling, not the author Example of Tone: The poem has a bitter tone

Imagery Writing that appeals to the senses

Irony Opposite of what is expected There are three types of Irony: dramatic, situational, and verbal ◦ Dramatic: the audience knows more than the characters ◦ Situational: Opposite of what is expected to happen happens ◦ Verbal: Saying the opposite of meaning, sarcasm

Difference between Reading Strategies and Literary Terms: Reading Strategies Reader Literary Terms Writer

How do they connect? Writer Uses Helps us/ Reader to: ImageryVisualize ForeshadowingPredict ToneInfer, Question, Predict Indirect CharacterInfer, Question Direct CharacterConnect, Question ThemeQuestion, Connect SymbolConnect, Infer ConflictQuestion MoodConnect IronyQuestion SettingQuestion, Connect P.O.V.Question, Connect