The Civil War Why did the North win in the end?. In the Beginning Civil War was directly about secession Goal of the Union was to force the Confederate.

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Presentation transcript:

The Civil War Why did the North win in the end?

In the Beginning Civil War was directly about secession Goal of the Union was to force the Confederate states back into the Union While the goal of the Confederacy was to defend itself - to hold onto its autonomy

Anaconda Plan Union was aware of its advantages in population, manufacturing, navy - wanted to squeeze the Confederacy until they had to give up.

Realizing what war meant First Battle at Bull Run where there is a Confederate victory - 5,000 casualties (3,000 for the Union) but there is no real resolution Instead, there is a realization that the war might go on for a long time

Little man, big influence

Napoleonic Warfare Military colleges of the time were influenced by Napoleon, who earlier in the 1800s took over most of Europe by winning a series of large battles Influenced military leaders at the time to believe that the way to win a war, was to use good military strategy to force surrender of an army

Armies of the East and West Union and Confederacy build a number of large armies to attack and defend territory. This led to major battles - conflicts involving thousands of soldiers.

So wouldn’t it end fast? In the beginning the Confederacy was very successful in military strategy, and won a number of victories - but were outnumbered in every battle at the start and the end. Won tactical victories, not total victories.

Peninsular Campaign - 4/1862 Union army had close to 100,000 soldiers trying to capture Richmond, but were held off by only 30,000 Confederate soldiers. Union retreated, but there was no surrender.

Shiloh - 4/1862 Battle in Tennessee 25,000 casualties 4,000 killed

Antietam - 9/1862 Tactical victory for Union - led to Emancipation Proclamation George McClellan fired 22,000 casualties 4,000 killed

Fredericksburg - 12/ ,000 casualties 2,000 killed Ambrose Burnside fired

Chancellorsville - 4/1863 Joseph Hooker fired 30,000 casualties 4,000 killed

Gettysburg - 7/ ,000 casualties 8,000 killed Confederate army forced to retreat from Northern states Turning point for the war - but no total victory

Success in the South/West Union armies in the West were much more successful They were able to take territory in Tennessee, cut off the Mississippi River, and take over New Orleans

Total War Idea of Total War was to involve all of society in war - that war was not just between soldiers, but it involved civilians and industry. So to win a war, an army should also fight against civilians and industry.

William Sherman

Sherman’s March to the Sea Union Gen. Sherman adopted the concept of total war in Georgia - started to destroy farms, crops, free slaves. This affected the ability of the Confederacy to supply the military, and the psyche of Southerners - did they want to continue fighting.

War of Attrition Ulysses Grant appointed general of Union forces and began a war of attrition against Confederacy Tens of thousands of soldiers killed on both sides - drained Confederate military until they had to give up.

The End A combination of attrition and total war over the course of 4 years drained the Confederate military, economy, and people to the point that there was a general consensus to surrender.

Casualties Union - more than 2 million soldiers: 110,000 KIA, 360,000 total killed Confederacy - more than 1 million soldiers: 93,000 KIA, 260,000 total killed