1. Democracy Develops in England
Late Middle Ages
1066 William the Duke of Normandy invades England
The end of Feudalism
Centralized government
The dev of democracy
Henry II
Introduced trial by jury
Common Law

2. Continued Son Richard “Lion Heart” Brother John
Unpopular-fought a costly war with France
John tried to raise taxes
This led to conflict between the English Nobles and the King
In 1215 they rebelled and forced John to grant guarantees

3. Magna Carta 1215 63 clauses Ind. Rights and liberties Due Process
Contract between the monarchy and nobles
Limited the power of the king
Later Clause 12 was interpreted to imply power for the King

4. The English Civil War & the Glorious Revolution
Preview:
Examine the image on the next slide. What do you think is going on?
What do you think led to the actions in this slide?

6. English Civil War ( )

7. Reasons for the English Civil War
In 1603, Elizabeth died. She never married, so there were no heirs to continue the Tudor Dynasty
Mary Stuart’s son James I became the King of England— started Stuart Dynasty in England

9. Reasons for the English Civil War
Queen Elizabeth recognized the importance of working with Parliament
James I did not; believed he should be absolute monarch because of Divine Right (God chooses royal families to rule); James I did not listen to Parliament
Major problems between Parliament & King over issues of Authority, Money, & Religion

10. Problems between the King and Parliament
Authority—James I believed in divine right and absolutism; Parliament felt king should be limited by Parliament
Money—James I has to ask Parliament for money to finance government and life style

11. What is divine right? King has power to rule from people.
King has the power to rule from Congress.
King has power to rule from Parliament.
King has power to rule from God.

12. Problems between the King and Parliament
Religion—Puritans were members of the Anglican Church who wanted all Catholic rituals removed; Puritans were active members of Parliament & were angered when James I arranged marriage of son (Charles) to a Catholic princess

13. Reasons for the English Civil War
When James I died in 1625, his son Charles I became king
Charles was “worse” than James:
Charles believed in divine right & absolute monarchy; refused to discuss ideas with Parliament—only called Parliament when he needed money

14. Reasons for the English Civil War
Parliament got fed up with Charles I & refused to give him money unless signed Petition of Rights in 1628:
King could not jail people without a good reason
King could not make taxes without Parliament's approval
King could not keep his soldiers in peoples’ homes & could not use army to maintain order during peacetime

15. Civil War
Charles I was really mad at Parliament & refused to call another Parliament for 11 years until he needed money to end revolts in Ireland & Scotland
Conflict between supporters of King (Royalists/Cavaliers) & Parliament grew so bad that a civil war was inevitable

17. Civil War
War between Cavaliers (Royalists) vs. Roundheads (supporters of Parliament) lasted for 5 years
Roundheads found a strong leader in Oliver Cromwell; Cromwell and Roundheads won & behead the king (1st public execution of a king)

19. Do you think that Charles I should have been executed?
Strongly agree
Somewhat agree
Somewhat disagree
Strongly disagree

20. What did the 19 Propositions say?
Gave the King supreme power.
Gave Parliament Supreme power.
Made the Commonwealth legal.
Gave Oliver Cromwell complete power.

21. After the Civil War
After the Civil War, a Commonwealth was created—type of government with no king & ruled by Parliament
Oliver Cromwell led the Commonwealth, but did not use democracy— he became a military dictator

22. New Commonwealth
Life in the Commonwealth was harsh because it was led by Cromwell & the Puritans; Forced strict religious rules on people of England:
It was illegal to go to theaters & sporting events; “merrymaking” & “amusement” were illegal
Citizens hated living this way & began to want to bring back a king again

23. English Civil War Graffiti
King Charles is a bum! Let Parliament rule!
Xerox graffiti assignment to back of notes
Cavaliers stink!

24. The Restoration (1660)

25. Restoration
People grew tired of the severe, religious rule of Oliver Cromwell & the Puritans; many wanted a king again
In 1660, Charles I’s son became King of England—Charles II was called the “Merry Monarch” because he brought back theatres, sporting events, dancing & he got along with Parliament!!

27. Restoration
Charles II learned from the lessons of his father & grandfather:
Did not try to rule by Divine Right & did not threaten Parliament’s authority
Passed Habeas Corpus Law—everyone guaranteed a trial after arrest; cannot be held in jail forever
Anglicanism was official religion, but treated Puritans & Catholics equally

28. Restoration
During the Restoration, Parliament strengthened the Church of England—only Anglicans could attend universities, serve in Parliament, be priests in Anglican Church
Parliament created Constitutional Monarchy based on Magna Carta & Petition of Right (Guaranteed rights of people & limited king)

29. Restoration BUT, there were problems:
Charles II needed more money than Parliament was willing to give; so he made a secret agreement with Louis XIV of France to convert to Catholicism in exchange for money
Charles II had no children; when he died, his openly-Catholic brother James II will be king (Parliament's worst fear!!)

30. This is James II

31. Glorious Revolution
James ignoring Parliament’s religious laws, James appointed Catholics to government and university positions.
Parliament was worried the throne would go to James II son who was to be raised Catholic.
Encouraged William of Orange (ruler of the Netherlands who was married to James II daughter Mary) to invade and take over.

32. Glorious Revolution (Cont)
James II fled to France when he realized he had little support from England.
This peaceful transfer of power was called the Glorious Revolution.

33. William and Mary
William and Mary swore an oath that they would govern the people of England.
Parliament passed the Bill of Rights.
This passage made it clear that Parliament was in control.
Establishment of a Constitutional Monarchy

34. What is a commonwealth? A state ruled by the monarch.
A state ruled by a hegemony.
A state ruled by a constitution.
A state ruled by elected representatives.

35. What is a constitutional monarchy?
Form of government in which monarch’s power is limited by the constitution.
Form of government in which monarch’s power is unlimited by the constitution.
Form of government where Parliament is in control.
Form of government where Parliament is not in control.

36. What is habeas corpus? People have to be tried.
People cannot be held in prison w/o just cause or w/o a trial.
People need to be read their Miranda rights.
People have to have an attorney present at trial.