2.  1215 - King John forced to sign the Magna Carta, agreeing to obey laws & consult with Parliament (legislature = make laws) Magna Carta Video  1603 Queen Elizabeth dies  James I is King (absolute monarch)  dissolves (gets rid of) Parliament  raises taxes, wages war, persecutes Puritans (those who want to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic influences)

3.  1625 - inherits throne & rules without Parliament  1628 - Charles needs $$ from Parliament for wars with Spain & France  forced to sign Petition of Right  monarch cannot raise taxes without Parliament’s consent  monarch cannot imprison people without just cause  1629 - he dissolves Parliament again

4.  1641 - Scotland threatens to invade England & Charles needs $ again  Parliament tries to limit power  conflict erupts  Civil War  Royalist/Cavaliers support King Charles  Roundheads – opposition army – leader is Oliver Cromwell  1649 - Roundheads bring Charles to trial for treason & execute him English Civil War Video

5.  Cromwell becomes military ruler of England (abolishes monarchy)  passes strict laws against “sinful” acts (closes theatres, outlaws gambling /dancing, bans books, etc.)  crushes rebellion in Ireland & takes land for own soldiers  religious toleration for everyone except Catholics (Ireland) Oliver Cromwell and Charles II Video  1658 - Cromwell dies & new Parliament invites Charles II to rule as King  “RESTORATION”

6.  Definition: anyone accused of a crime would appear before a judge & either be released to given a trial by jury  1685 - Charles II dies  James II is King (his brother)

7.  He suspends laws, abuses power, appoints Catholics to government office  Parliament invites Mary (daughter of James II) & William to take down James and rule England  James II agrees  NO BLOODSHED = GLORIOUS REVOLUTION

8.  1689 - BILL OF RIGHTS & CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY ARE ESTABLISHED!  limited monarchy shares power w/Parliament (more government, less royal/absolute power)  individual freedoms (including habeas corpus) guaranteed  House of Commons has “power of purse”