1. CHAPTER 11 Section 1:Civil War and Revolution Section 2:Constitutional Monarchy in England Section 3:English Colonial Expansion Section 4: The Enlightenment Nashley Section 5: The American Revolution Enlightenment and Revolution in England and America

2. SECTION 2 11.2 Bell Ringer Question: What laws did Parliament create to protect against arbitrary rule? Constitutional Monarchy in England

3. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England After Oliver Cromwell's death in 1658 and the subsequent collapse of the Commonwealth in 1660, Charles II was restored to the English throne.

4. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Charles II The Merry Monarch England was overjoyed at having a monarch again. However, royal powers and privileges were severely limited by Parliament.

5. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Charles ’ reign was beset by many problems.

6. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Killed an estimated 100,000 people, 20% of London's population 1665 Bubonic Plague

7. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Great Fire of London 1666 80% of the city was destroyed.

8. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Problem of Succession... Charles did not have any children. His heir would be his brother – James. But James was a CATHOLIC ….

9. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Political parties would form in Parliament from the ashes of the Cavaliers and Roundheads -- arguing the question of succession. Whigs Tories Wanted a strong Parliament – NO catholic king Supported the hereditary right to rule – they would accept a Catholic king

10. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Charles died and his brother is crowned James II. Almost immediately, he starts aggravating Parliament with his ideas of absolute rule of the king. How long do you think Parliament put up with THAT?

11. SECTION 2 Glorious Revolution William III Mary II (James II daughter)

12. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Changes in the ways people thought about gov ’ t Thomas Hobbes John Locke Let ’ s compare the ideas of Hobbes and Locke. Draw up a two column chart for these gentlemen.

13. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Thomas Hobbes Believed in Anarchy Only the strong would survive unless they gave the leader absolute power. People gave up their individual liberties in exchange for safety and order. Wrote Leviathan 1651

14. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England John Locke People only gave up some rights Kept - Life, liberty and the right to own property A ruler (gov ’ t) who violated these rights had broken the social contract and could justly be overthrown. Wrote Two Treatises of Government 1689

15. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Habeas Corpus Act – protected individuals from unfair arrest and imprisonment. English Bill of Rights (1689) – protected freedom of speech, to petition, against cruel and unusal punishment.

16. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England With those safeguards, we now see the growth of Parliamentary Rule in England. No more divine right of king! Parliament held most of the power. The Cabinet: officers of state chosen from leaders in Parliament Act of Union 1707 created Great Britain (England and Scotland) Sir Robert Walpole – first Prime Minister

17. SECTION 2 Constitutional Monarchy in England Limited Constitutional Monarchy The government of England will now be a Limited Constitutional Monarchy. The monarch remained Britain ’ s head of state. Royal powers were clearly limited. The Prime Minister was pretty much the real head of government because the king ’ s power had been reduced.