1. Weaving Knitting Nonwoven/Felting
FABRIC CONSTRUCTION
Weaving
Knitting
Nonwoven/Felting

2. FABRIC TERMS
Lengthwise grain…strongest grain, also called the warp yarns, runs parallel to the selvage
Selvages…woven edges of fabric, runs parallel to lengthwise grain
Crosswise grain… weaker grain, runs parallel to cut or torn edge and perpendicular to the lengthwise grain; also called the weft yarns
Bias…a diagonal line of direction running between the lengthwise and crosswise grains of fabric
Cut or Torn edge… runs parallel to the crosswise grain
Fabric fold…created when selvages or cut edges are brought together.

3. PLAIN WEAVE
Over one, under one

4. PLAIN WEAVE VARIATIONS
BASKET
Two over, two under

5. PLAIN WEAVE VARIATION PILE WEAVE CUT PILE UNCUT PILE Terry Cloth
Corduroy

6. TWILL FABRIC WEAVE
Over two, under two but staggering beginning threads to form a diagonal line.
Denim

7. Under one, over four or more creating “floats” with weft yarns
SATIN WEAVE
Under one, over four or more creating “floats” with weft yarns

8. SATIN WEAVE VARIATION
Sateen Weave
Floats on warp yarns

9. SATIN WEAVE VARIATION JACQUARD WEAVE
Computer weaving that creates multiple patterns in a fabric. Floats can be seen on wrong side of fabric.

10. KNITTING
Constructing fabric with one yarn and one set (2) of needles; right side is flat (knit), wrong side is bumpy (pearl).

11. FELTING
Nonwoven fabric made by pressing fibers together with moisture, heat, and pressure. Nonwoven fabrics have no grainlines. Earliest type of fabric made.

12. Color the same on front and back Color different on front and back
Coloring Fabric
Before Construction: Yarn Dying
After Construction:
Printing:
Color the same on front and back
After Construction: Piece Dying
Color different on front and back

13. FABRIC WEAVE ID ASSIGNMENT
Pick up one of each of the fabric samples on the cutting table and a magnifying glass.
Use the magnifying glass to identify the weave or construction method of each fabric sample.
Cut samples to fit dotted lines on sample card. (2” x 2”)
Glue into place.
Place completed card in wire basket.
Return magnifying glass to tote tray.

14. FABRIC QUIZ Period______ Score________
4. On what part of the fabric would you place a pattern piece so you don’t have a seam?
2. Which grain is the strongest grain and should run vertical on the body?
9. Name 2 ways color is added to fabric.
7. What are 3 methods for constructing fabric?
8. Identify each of the three basic fabric weaves pictured.
3. Which part of fabric has the most stretch?
6. The woven edge of the fabric is the _____________________.
Label the parts of fabric the arrows are pointing to.
Name___________________________________
5. The crosswise grain is perpendicular to what grain?