1. Fibers and Fabrics

2. Fibers  Natural Fibers- produced by nature  Cotton- absorbs moisture, comfortable to wear, strong, dyes well; negatives- wrinkles and shrinks  Linen- strong, absorbent, but wrinkles easy so used in the “wrinkled look” or has a wrinkle resistant finish applied  Ramie-strong and durable, absorbs moisture and dries quickly; it is brittle when dry and wrinkles so it usually combined with other fabrics  Wool- valued for warmth, wears well, resists wrinkling, absorbs moisture and feels dry; will shrink in hot water and can burn easily when put with high heat  Silk- strongest fiber, comfortable to wear and resists wrinkles

3. Pictures

4. Fibers  Manufactured Fibers- produced in laboratories through chemical processes; feel like real fibers  Acetate- used for evening wear and lining fabric; comfortable to wear, doesn’t wear well though- weak fabric  Acrylic- known for warmth; machine washable and wrinkle-resistant; but can form little balls on the surface  Nylon- strong and durable; repels water  Polyester- used alone or blended with other fibers  Stays fluffy even when wet  Rayon- comfortable, combined with other fabrics  Minimizes wrinkling and shrinking  Spandex- stretches and recovers to normal shape

5. Pictures

6. Blends  Every fiber has good qualities, but none are perfect  Most are blended with two or more fibers  Manufactured fibers have two names:  Generic- common name for similar fibers  Trade- manufacturer’s name  Dotrel, Fortrel, Kodel- manufacturer name for polyester fabric

7. Fabric Construction  Weaving  Plain weave- yarn passes over and under  Twill weave- passes over two then under two (denim)  Satin weave- pass over four or more then under one ( shiny but not strong)  Pile weave - 3 sets of yarn used to make it, woven in plain, twill, or satin; then an extra set of yarn is woven so that loops or cut ends are produced on the fabric surface  Knitting  Single knits- t-shirts/ simple dresses; smooth appearance on front and back  Rib knits- made with two sets of needles, vertical ribs on both sides- used for close fitting tops and stretch trim  Interlock knits- smooth surface on both sides; less stretch; used for soft casual garments  Double knits- made with 2 interlocking layers- durable and wrinkle resistant  Tricot knits-undergarments and night gowns- narrow vertical ribs on the front and cross wise on the back

8. Examples

9. Fabric Construction  Bonding- fibers are mechanically or chemically joined together with steam or heat used with an adhesive  Gives shapes to non woven fabric

10. Fabric Finishes  Color  Piece dyed- color added into yarn before woven into fabric  Print process- rolled onto fabric  Screen printing- dyes are forced through a screen onto fabric  Other finishes  Flame-retardant- fabric resist burning  Permanent or durable press- little or no ironing after washing  Sanforized- prevents shrinking of more than 1%  Stain and spot resistant- helps to resists stains/spots  Waterproof- prevents fabric from absorbing water  Water-repellant- prevents from absorbing water, but not shedding it completely

11. Table Project  Research a natural fiber  Tell how and where it is produced  Locate the area on the world map  Explain why fiber grows well in this region