1. Present Subjunctive
Irregular Verbs

2. Subjunctive in Context
To set up the subjunctive there are three
things that must be in the sentence.
One of the setup words
2. The word “que”
3. A subject change

3. Subjunctive in Context
Sugerimos que ellos coman más vegetales.
Setup word:
we suggest
ellos:
subject change
que:
that
“coman” – they eat
This is the subjunctive conjugation. They may or may not do it, even though we suggest that they do it.

4. Subjunctive in Context
Recomiendo que tú hagas la tarea.
Setup word:
I recommend
tú:
subject change
que:
that
“hagas” = you do
This is the subjunctive conjugation. You may or may not do it, even though I recommend that you do it.

5. Subjunctive in Context
Ella quiere que yo viva en España.
Setup word:
she wants
yo:
subject change
que:
that
“viva” = I live (subjunctive)
I may or may not do it, even though she wants me to. Note: In English this would be, “She wants me to live in Spain. In Spanish the infinitive is not used, even though it sounds like it should be.

6. Subjunctive in Context
Ojalá que entiendas bien esta lección.
(Hopefully you understand this lesson.)
Insistimos en que vosotros regreséis a tiempo.
(We insist that you all come back on time.)
Mi madre quiere que pongamos la mesa.
(My mather wants us to set the table.)
¿Sugieres que yo haga la tarea?
(Do you suggest that I give it to them?)
¿Esperáis que los Brown ganen el Super Bowl?
(Do you all hope that the Browns win the Super Bowl?)
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7. Forming the Subjunctive
In order to conjugate a verb in the present subjunctive, you have to know well the conjugations of the present indicative (the present tense that you already know).
First: Use the “yo” form of the verb in the present tense.
hablo como vivo
Next: Drop the ‘o’
habl_ com_ viv_
Last: Add an opposite ending. This means for -ar verbs, use -er endings, and for -er/-ir verbs, use -ar endings.
hable coma viva

8. Forming the Subjunctive
Subjunctive Verb Endings
-ar Verbs
-e -emos
-es -éis
-e -en
-er Verbs
-a -amos
-as -áis
-a -an
-ir Verbs
-a -amos
-as -áis
-a -an

9. Forming the Subjunctive
Examples of Regular Verbs
caminar
camine caminemos
camines caminéis
camine caminen
compartir
comparta compartamos
compartas compartáis
comparta compartan
comprender
comprenda comprendamos
comprendas comprendáis
comprenda comparendan

10. STEM CHANGING VERBS

12. IRREGULAR VERBS Stem changing verbs
-ar and -er stem changing verbs still have no stem change for nosotros and vosotros in the present subjunctive. However, certain -ir verbs do. Note the following.

13. Forming the Subjunctive
poder (ue)
pueda
puedas
podamos
podáis
puedan
acostarse (ue)
me acueste
te acuestes
se acueste
nos acostemos
os acostéis
se acuesten
preferir (ie / i)
prefiera
prefieras
prefirimos
prefiráis
prefieran

14. Forming the Subjunctive
A note about -ir verbs
Stem changing verbs ending in -ir have multiple stem changes. They are the only verbs that have stem changes in the preterit and present participle. Whenever you see two choices after an infinitive the first is for the present indicative and four conjugations of the subjunctive. The second is for the nosotros / vosotros form of the subjunctive, the preterit, and the present participle. See the following examples.
divertirse (ie / i)
present indicative
me divierto nos divertimos
te diviertes os divertís
se divierte se divierten
preterit
me divertí nos divertimos
te divertiste os divertisteis
se divirtió se divirtieron
present subjunctive
me divierta nos divirtamos
te diviertas os divirtáis
se divierta se divierten
present participle
divirtiendo

15. Forming the Subjunctive
Here are some other -ir stem changing verbs that have changes in the present indicative, present subjunctive, preterit, and present participle.
dormir (ue / u) = to sleep
medir (i / i) = to measure
mentir (ie / i) = to lie
morir (ue / u) = to die
pedir (i / i) = to aks for
preferir (ie / i) = to prefer
reírse (i / i) = to laugh
servir (i / i) = to serve
vestirse (i / i) = to get dressed
Verb Menu

16. Verbs ending
-car, -gar & -zar

17. Forming the Subjunctive
Spelling Changes for Pronunciation
Words ending with -gar / -car / -zar will have spelling changes in the present subjunctive in order to maintain pronunciation.
For example, what is the subjunctive of “pagar”?
If you follow the earlier steps, you would say “page”.

18. ¿Cómo son similares los verbos arriba?
1) pescar = __________ 4) buscar = __________
2) pagar = __________ 5) apagar = __________
3) almorzar = __________ 6) organizar = __________
¿Cómo son similares los verbos arriba?
To fish
To look for
To pay for
To turn off
To eat lunch
To organize
Pescar
Buscar
Pagar
Apagar
Almorzar
Organizar
-CAR
-GAR
-ZAR

19. ~Respeto al subjuntivo~
En formas, los verbos _______ tienen este cambio _________.
En formas, los verbos _______ tienen este cambio _________.
En formas, los verbos _______ tienen este cambio _________.
TODAS
-CAR
c > qu
-GAR
g > gu
TODAS
-ZAR
z > c
TODAS

20. Forming the Subjunctive
Spelling Changes for Pronunciation
To solve this problem with -car verbs “que” is in their endings. Again, you may remember a similar change in the first conjugation of the preterit. However, in the subjunctive the spelling change is throughout all of the conjugations.
clasificar
clasifique clasifiquemos
clasifiques clasifiquéis
clasifique clasifiquen

21. Forming the Subjunctive
Spelling Changes for Pronunciation
To solve this problem verbs that end with -gar have “gue” in their endings. You may remember a similar change in the first conjugation of the preterit. However, in the subjunctive the spelling change is throughout all of the conjugations.
pagar
pague paguemos
pagues paguéis
pague paguen

22. Forming the Subjunctive
Spelling Changes for Pronunciation
The problem with -zar verbs is that the letters “ze” are never combined in Spanish. Whenever that happens, the z changes to c.
almorzar
almuerce almorcemos
almuerces almorcéis
almuerce almuercen
Verb Menu

23. TOTALLY IRREGULAR
VERBS

24. D I S H E ar
dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den r
vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan er
sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean
aber
haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan
star
esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
aber
sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan

25. Things to Keep in Mind
If there is no subject change, then there is no subjunctive.
I want to go with you. Quiero ir contigo.
I want you to go with me. Quiero que vayas conmigo.
The second example uses the subjunctive because there is a subject change.
I can, I should, I need to, I have to, I want to, I’m going to, etc.
All of these are followed by an infinitive in Spanish if there is no subject change.
Don’t over think this. You knew how to do this in Spanish I.

26. Things to Keep in Mind There is no future subjunctive.
Again, using esperar (to hope) or ojalá (hopefully) can be tricky.
Ella espera que vengan. She hopes that they (will) come. (subjunctive)
Ojalá que él aprenda. Hopefully he (will) learn. (subjunctive)
Even though in English we would use the future tense, it isn’t used in these cases in Spanish. You can see that the two sentences above have two possible translations. Basically, if everything else tells you that you should use the subjunctive (setup verb / que / subject change) you should use it. But don’t forget...
We hope that we’ll be able to go. Esperamos poder ir. (infinitive)
If there is no subject change, don’t use the subjunctive.

27. Be careful with “querer”.
Things to Keep in Mind
Be careful with “querer”.
As mentioned on previous slides, when a subjunctive sentence that uses “querer” is translated into English, the subjunctive verb is an infinitive. This confuses many students. In fact, it’s probably the #1 mistake that students make with the subjunctive. Note the following.
Quiero que ellos estudien más. I want them to study more.
Queremos que los niños se acuesten ahora. We want the kids to go to bed now.
¿Queréis que yo os lo dé? Do you guys want me to give it to you?
Sus padres quieren que ella saque la basura. Her parents want her to take out the trash.
Mi mamá quiere que sepamos la verdad. My mom wants us to know the truth.
Él quiere que tú seas simpático. He wants you to be nice.
Ellos no quieren que ella vaya. They don’t want her to go.
Mi papá quiere que yo ponga la mesa. My dad wants me to set the table.

28. Things to Keep in Mind Home Be careful with “querer”.
It’s not always wrong to use an infinitive after querer.
Remember: If there is no subject change, there is no subjunctive.
I want to call them. Quiero llamarlos.
She wants to come. Ella quiere venir.
They want to have fun. Ellos quieren divertirse.
We want to laugh. Queremos reírnos
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