1. the Present Subjunctive
An introduction to:
the Present Subjunctive

2. PAST---------------PRESENT-------------FUTURE
Preterite Present Indicative Ir + a + inf.
Imperfect Present prog.
Imperfect prog. Tú +/- commands
Acabar de + inf.
Present Subjunctive

3. The Indicative Mood Hablo español. Comes tacos. Bailamos en la fiesta.
Spanish has two moods: the INDICATIVE and the SUBJUNCTIVE. Until now, all the verb forms you have learned in Spanish are part of the Indicative Mood, used to state FACTS and TRUTH. The following are examples of the Present tense, otherwise known as the Present Indicative: We will use the acronym FCCPS.
Hablo español.
Comes tacos.
Bailamos en la fiesta.

4. What is the Subjunctive Mood?
We use the Present Subjunctive with things that the speaker wants to happen or wants others to do, events to which the speaker reacts emotionally, things that are yet unknown, preferences for others, among others. We will use the acronym UWEIRDO.
Quieres que yo hable en español.
Espero que comas tacos.
Nos recomiendan que bailemos en la fiesta.

5. A sentence in the subjunctive has:
A Subjunctive Phrase
A “Que”
A change in subject
Ej. (Yo) Quiero que (tú) comas tacos.
I want (for) you to eat tacos.
NO change in subject = indicative
Ej. (Yo) Quiero comer tacos.
I want to eat tacos.

6. What is the difference between these two sentences?
Main clause: la cláusula principal
Subordinate clause: la cláusula subordinada
Subjunctive Phrase
Sr. Torres quiere que (tú) estudies.
Mr. Torres wants (for) you to study.
La cláusula principal La cláusula subordinada
What is the difference between these two sentences?
  Indicative Phrase
Sr. Torres sabe que (tú) estudias.
Mr. Torres knows (that) you study.
  La cláusula principal La cláusula subordinada

7. Conjugating in the Subjunctive
Three Steps:
-ar verb:
Hablar
1. YO form of the present indicative
emos es éis e en
Hable Habl Habl Habl Habl Habl
(Hablo, Habl_ & Hable)
2. DROP the -o
-er/-ir verb:
Comer
3. SWAP the endings
For -ar
amos as áis a an
(Como, Com_ & Coma) -e
Coma Com Com Com Com Com
For -ir/-er -a

8. Present Irregular Yo Forms
-car -que practicar
-gar -gue cargar
-zar -ce analizar
-ger -ja escoger
-cer -zca conocer
-guir -ga seguir
-uir -ya construir
(practico) practique
(cargo) cargue
(analizo) analice
(escojo) escoja
(conozco) conozca
(sigo) siga
(construyo)construya
Keep their spelling changes in all forms and do NOT have accents.

9. Six (6) Irregular Subjunctive Forms where YO, DROP & SWAP does not work:
D Dar: dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den
I Ir: vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan
S Saber: sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan.
H Haber (hay): haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan
E Estar: esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén
S Ser: sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean.
La cancioncita: Dé, Esté, Haya, Vaya, Sepa, Sea, ¡otra vez!

10. Stem-Changing Boot verbs
-ar / -er stem changing verbs follow the present indicative pattern.
pensar (ie, e):
piense pensemos
pienses penséis
piense piensen
*(ie, e): cerrar, empezar, entender, perder, querer, recomendar, etc.
*(ue, o): almorzar, aprobar, contar, esforzarse, encontrar, mostrar, poder, probar, resolver, volver, etc.
-ir stem changing verbs show two changes.
dormir & morir (ue, u):
duerma durmamos
duermas durmáis
duerma duerman
*(ie, i): preferir, divertir, sentir y requerir.
* (i, but no boot change): conseguir, pedir, repetir, servir y vestirse.