1. The axial skeleton contains approximately __ bones, which include bones of the ___?
126/pelvic girdle and limb bones
80/skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
80/pelvic girdle and pectoral girdle
2 and 3
Answer: 2

2. Bones of the axial skeleton have all of the following functions except _____?
Protect brain and spinal cord
Provide surface area for attachment of respiratory muscles
Contain medullary cavities with yellow bone marrow
Protect organs of the ventral body cavity
Answer: 3

3. In which bone is the foramen magnum located?
Sphenoid
Occipital bone
Ethmoid
Parietal bone
Answer: 2

4. Tomás suffers a blow to the skull that fractures the right superior lateral surface of his cranium. Which bone is fractured?
Frontal bone
Right temporal bone
Right parietal bone
Ethmoid
Answer: 3

5. Sphenoid bone; pituitary gland Ethmoid; olfactory epithelium
Which bone contains the depression called the sella turcica? What is located in this depression?
Sphenoid bone; pituitary gland
Ethmoid; olfactory epithelium
Temporal bone; inner ear
Lacrimal bone; tear apparatus
Answer:1

6. Which of these bones are paired bones of the face?
Temporal bones
Inferior nasal conchae
Parietal bones
1 and 3
Answer: 2

7. Which suture is not paired with the bones it separates?
Lambdoidal/occipital and parietal bones
Squamous/temporal bone and sphenoid bone
Coronal/frontal from two parietal bones
Sagittal/parietal bones
Answer: 2

8. Which bone contains the mental foramen and what structures use that passageway?
Parietal/none
Occipital/hypoglossal nerves
Temporal/internal carotid artery
Mandible/mental nerves
Answer: 4

9. The sphenoid bone contains all of the following openings except?
Optic canals
Superior orbital fissures
External auditory meatus
Foramen ovale
Answer: 3

10. The significance of the petrous part of the temporal bone is that it serves as ___?
The housing for the auditory ossicles
A passageway for the jugular vein
Sites of attachment for muscles that move the mandible
The housing for the temporal sinuses
Answer: 1

11. Several openings occur within the temporal bone for the passage of structures. Which of the following is correct?
Foramen magnum/medulla oblongata and hypoglossal canals/hypoglossal nerves
Hypoglossal canals/hypoglossal nerve and jugular foramen/glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves
Foramen lacerum/small arteries and jugular foramen/jugular vein
Carotid canal/internal carotid artery and stylomastoid foramen/facial nerve
Answer: 4

12. Which of the nasal conchae are part of the ethmoid bone?
Superior, middle, and inferior nasal conchae
Lateral and medial nasal conchae
Superior and middle nasal conchae
None of these is correct
Answer: 3

13. Paranasal sinuses serve what purposes?
Lightening the skull bones and providing an extensive area of mucous epithelium
Pulling mucus back toward the throat
Providing the superior and posterior boundary of the nasal complex
Providing the lateral and inferior boundaries of the orbital complex
Answer: 1

14. Which of these bones form parts of the orbital complex and also contain paranasal sinuses?
Sphenoid, frontal, maxillary and lacrimal bones
Zygomatic, lacrimal, frontal and palatine bones
Palatine, temporal, ethmoid and zygomatic bones
Maxillary, sphenoid, frontal, and ethmoid bones
Answer: 4

15. Which fontanelles disappear within a month or two after birth?
Occipital, sphenoid, and mastoid
Metopic, frontal, and sagittal
Anterior, parietal, and occipital
Sphenoid, lambdoid, and mastoid
Answer: 1

16. What is a consequence of early closure of one or more sutures?
Distorted skull shape
Brain stops growing
Early death
Parents cannot see if their infant is dehydrated
Answer: 1

17. Secondary curves of the spine are also called ______
Secondary curves of the spine are also called ______? The cervical curve ____ and the lumbar curve ______?
Accommodation curves/is present at birth/accommodates abdominal viscera
Compensation curves/helps balance weight of head/balances weight over lower limbs
Compensation curves/decreases flexibility/allows for development of larger vertebrae
None of these is correct
Answer: 2

18. Which structures form the vertebral arch of vertebrae?
Superior and inferior articular processes
Pedicles and laminae
Transverse and spinous processes
Vertebral bodies and transverse foramina
Answer: 3

19. Superior articular processes Pedicles Transverse processes
When you run your finger along a person’s spine, what part of the vertebrae are you feeling just beneath the skin?
Superior articular processes
Pedicles
Transverse processes
Spinous processes
Answer: 4

20. Why does the vertebral column of an adult have fewer vertebrae than that of a newborn?
Vertebrae are absorbed as adult stature is reached.
Newborns require more support in the cervical region.
The sacrum and coccyx fuse post-puberty.
Vertebrae are formed that later become ribs.
Answer: 3

21. Second cervical vertebra; posterior neck
Joe suffered a hairline fracture at the base of the dens. Which bone is fractured, and where is it located?
Second cervical vertebra; posterior neck
First cervical vertebra; posterior neck
Occipital bone; posterior base of skull
Sacrum; posterior pelvis
Answer: 1

22. What feature distinguishes cervical vertebrae 2–6 from a thoracic or lumbar vertebra?
Bifid spinous processes
Spinous processes point inferiorly
Transverse foramina
1 and 3 are correct.
Answer: 4

23. Why are the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae so large?
They develop first and therefore have longer to grow.
To provide more flexibility.
To distribute weight over a larger area.
To provide greater protection to the lumbar spinal nerves.
Answer: 3

24. How could you distinguish between true ribs and false ribs?
True ribs attach directly to the sternum by their own costal cartilage.
True ribs are entirely bony.
False ribs are not part of the thoracic cage.
True ribs are attached only to the sternum.
Answer: 1

25. Cervical vertebra and ribs Thoracic vertebra and ribs
Improper administration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can result in a fracture of which bone(s)?
Cervical vertebra and ribs
Thoracic vertebra and ribs
Sternum and thoracic vertebra
Sternum and ribs
Answer: 4

26. Vertebrosternal ribs increase in curvature and length from 1–7.
What are the main differences between vertebrosternal and vertebrochondral ribs?
Vertebrosternal ribs attach to the sternum by their own costal cartilages.
Vertebrochondral ribs’ costal cartilage fuse and merge with cartilages from rib 7
Vertebrosternal ribs increase in curvature and length from 1–7.
All of the above are true.
Answer: 4