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Portland Community College
Exercise 7 Axial Skeleton Portland Community College BI 231
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Bone Landmarks All bones possess distinctive landmarks that are designed for specific functions. Review table 7.1
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Axial Skeleton Skull Spine Thoracic Cage Hyoid bone
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Supraorbital ridge Frontal Bone Frontal Bone Frontal Bone
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Frontal Bone Frontal Sinus
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Parietal Bone Parietal Bone
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Parietal Bone Parietal Bone
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Temporal Bone Temporal Bone
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Temporal Bone External Acoustic Meatus Zygomatic Arch Mastoid Process
Mandibular fossa Styloid Process
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Temporal Bone Carotid Canal Jugular Foramen
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Temporal Bone Temporal Bone Temporal Bone
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Occipital Bone Occipital Condyles Foramen Magnum External occipital
protuberance
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Nuchal lines
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Occipital Bone
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Coronal Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Frontal Bone
Temporal Bone Occipital Bone
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Squamous Suture Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone
Frontal Bone Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone Temporal Bone Occipital Bone
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Sagittal Suture Between the Right and Left Parietal bones Occipital
Frontal Bone
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Lambdoid Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone
Frontal Bone Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone Temporal Bone Occipital Bone
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Cranium Floor Anterior Cranial Fossa Middle Cranial Fossa
Posterior Cranial Fossa
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Sphenoid Bone Lesser Wing Greater Wing Sella Turcica Foramen lacerum
Foramen rotundum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum
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Sphenoid Bone Hypophyseal Fossa Dorsum Sella Petrous ridge
Internal acoustic canal
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Sphenoid Bone Sphenoidal Sinus Pterygoid Process
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Sphenoid Bone Lesser Wing Greater Wing Pterygoid Process
Lateral Pterygoid Plate Medial Pterygoid Plate
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Ethmoid Bone Crista Galli Perpendicular Plate
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Ethmoid Bone Middle Nasal Conchae Perpendicular Plate
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Ethmoid Bone Cristae Galli Cribriform Plate Perpendicular Plate
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Facial Bones Middle Nasal Conchae (Ethmoid) Inferior Nasal Conchae
Perpendicular Plate (Ethmoid) Vomer
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Facial Bones
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Zygomatic Bone Temporal Process Zygomatic Arch
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Maxilla Hard Palate Infraorbital foramen Alveolar processes
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Palatine Bone Vomer
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Mandible Ramus Angle Body Coronoid Process Mandibular Condyle
Alveolar Process Ramus Angle Mental Foramen Body
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Mandible Mandibular Foramen Mylohyoid Line
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Orbit
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Openings Foramen rotundum Foramen lacerum Foramen ovale
Jugular foramen Internal acoustic canal Hypoglossal canal
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Sinuses Ethmoid Air Cells Frontal Sphenoidal Maxillary
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Fetal Skull Superior View
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Fetal Skull
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Wormian (Sutural) Bones
Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures. Present in varying amounts
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Cervical Spine 7 Vertebra C1-C7 Concave Posterior
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Thoracic Spine 12 Vertebra T1-T12 Convex Posterior Attach to the ribs
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Lumbar Spine 5 Vertebra L1-L5 Concave Posterior
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Sacral Spine 5 Fused Vertebra “Sacrum”
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Coccyx 4 Fused Vertebra
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Sacrum 5 Fused Vertebrae
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Sacrum Sacral Foramina
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Sacrum Sacral Promontory
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Typical structure of vertebra
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Intervertebral Foraminae
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Intervertebral Disk
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Annulus Fibrosus (Fibrocartilage)
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Nucleus Pulposus
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Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Vertebral Foramen BODY
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Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Transverse Processes Transverse Foramen
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Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas
Superior Articular Facet
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Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis
Odontoid Process (Dens)
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Cervical Vertebrae C1 & C2 Joined Together
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Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Bifid Spinous Process
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Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Superior Articular Process Superior Articular Facet
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Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Vertebral Arch
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Thoracic Vertebrae Spinous Process
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Thoracic Vertebrae Costal Facets on the Transverse Process (for rib attachment)
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Lumbar Vertebrae BODY
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Sacroiliac Joints
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Coccyx 4 Rudimentary Vertebrae
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Hyoid Bone Greater Horn Lesser Horn BODY
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Sternum Manubrium Sternal Angle Body Xiphoid Process
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Ribs 1-7: True Ribs
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Ribs 8-10: False Ribs
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Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs
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Costovertebral Angle
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Ribs
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Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae
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The End The End
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