2. The Crusades Background to the Crusades Islam and the Seljuk Turks Islam and the Seljuk Turks Change and disintegration in the Muslim world Seljuk Turks Nomadic people from Central Asia Nomadic people from Central Asia Capture of Baghdad (1055) Capture of Baghdad (1055) Battle of Manzikert (1071) Battle of Manzikert (1071) The Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire Divisions between the Catholic and Orthodox Church Schism (1054) Schism (1054) Alexius I Comnenus (1081 – 1118)

3. The Early Crusades Pope Urban II (1088 – 1099) Council of Clermont (1095) Council of Clermont (1095) Crusading Fervor “Armed pilgrimages” “Armed pilgrimages” First Crusade (1096 – 1099) Captures Antioch (1098) Captures Antioch (1098) Captures Jerusalem (1099) Captures Jerusalem (1099)

4. Why people went Regain Jerusalem (the Holy Land) from the hands of the Muslims. Fight for the your god, go on the ultimate pilgrimage Kill, rape, steal, pillage, and go to heaven? Adventure, a chance to start over, all your sins are forgiven Get rich through trading

5. Map 10.7: The Early Crusades

6. First Crusade

7. The Early Crusades, Continued Eruopean Crusader States after the First Crusades Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem Muslims strike back Fall of Edessa (1144) Fall of Edessa (1144) Second Crusade Second Crusade Total failure Saladin (Muslim Leader) regain control of the Holy Land (1187) Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) Reaction to the fall of Jerusalem Reaction to the fall of Jerusalem Led by Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, Richard the Lionhearted of England and Philip Augustus of France Led by Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, Richard the Lionhearted of England and Philip Augustus of France Ended in a draw, Saladin allows Christian Pilgrimage Ended in a draw, Saladin allows Christian Pilgrimage

8. Richard the Lionhearted Executing Muslims at Acre

9. Crusades of the 13 th Century The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204) Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204) Sack of Constantinople Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204 – 1261) Children’s Crusade (1212) Children’s Crusade (1212) Sixth Crusade (1228) Sixth Crusade (1228)

10. Effects of the Crusades Little impact on the Muslim world Little impact on the Muslim world Impact on European society Impact on European society Deaths of many on both sides Cultural interaction, exchanges of ideas and technology Many young warriors went off to see the world, weakening its feudal system. Italian cities benefited economically. Uses wealth to support the arts and ushered in the Renaissance. Growing rift between the Catholic and the Orthodox churches CRUSADES