1. The Crusades Why did the Crusades occur? How did the Crusades affect the world?

2. Background 1050s CE = Seljuk Turks invade the Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire Within 40 years, the Seljuks control parts of the Byzantine Empire, including Palestine 1095CE = Byzantine Emperor asks Pope Urban II for help

3. Holy Land Palestine is Holy Land to Muslims and Jews Christians also regard Palestine as Holy Land  Jesus lived and taught in Palestine Map of Jerusalem

4. Council of Clermont At Clermont, Pope Urban II tells German & French Bishops to recover Palestine Christians who answered the Pope’s calling were called crusaders

5. When were the Crusades? 1095-1291CE: 200 years of religious wars 1099CE = The 1st Crusade  Christians capture Jerusalem Late 1100s = The 3rd Crusade  Christians surrender Jerusalem 1291 = The 4th Crusade  Muslims are victorious

6. Key Causes Pope believes the Crusades will increase his power in Europe Christians believe they will be forgiven for their sins if they fight for the cause Nobles hope to gain land & $$ by participating in the wars Travel & excitement Serfs want to escape feudal oppression

7. Key People Saladin  Respected leader who united the Muslim world in late 1100s  Defeated Christians in Jerusalem  Did not allow his men to kill, hurt, or rob the Crusaders

8. Key People Richard the Lion-Hearted  King of England in 1189  Determined to defeat Saladin  Many victories, but could never capture Jerusalem Pope Urban II

9. Impact Religious hatred  Violence and massacres of Jews, Christians, and Muslims Increase in trade  Returning Crusaders brought new spices, perfumes, and fabrics to Europe Popes and feudal kings grow more powerful  Leaders are commonly viewed as prestigious

10. Impact Feudalism weakened; serfs begin paying rent instead of paying with food and labor  Money-based economy arises European interest in travel increases Cultural diffusion & learning  Euro introduced to Byzantine & Muslim educational advancements

11. Organize the Effects of the Crusades :) :) :) Trade increases- Feudalism weakens Popes & Kings grow more powerful Cultural diffusion learning :( :( :( Religious hatred Feudalism weakens-gov’t weakening Popes & Kings – more power

12. E-Tix 1) What were the crusades? 2) Who fought in the crusades? 3) Describe one cause and one effect of the crusades.