2.  MAIN IDEA: FOR MORE THAN A CENTURY, THE PAPACY WAS TROUBLED BY ITS PHYSICAL SEPARATION FROM ROME AND BY RIVAL POPES CLAMING AUTHORITYPAPACYPOPES

3.  FROM ROME TO AVIGNON › SINCE THE DAYS OF THE EARLY CHRISTIAN CHURCH, ROME HAD BEEN A SYMBOL FOR CHRISTIANS › IN 1309, A FRENCH POPE, CLEMENT V MOVED THE SEAT OF THE PAPACY FROM ROME TO AVIGNON TO AVOID CIVIL WARS WITH ITALY › TWO NEW PALACES WERE BUILT FOR THE SEVEN FRENCH POPES DURING THAT TIME

4.  THE GREAT SCHISM  POPE GREGORY XI RETURNED THE PAPACY TO ROME IN 1377 BUT DIED A YEAR LATER  THE CARDINALS—THE HIGH RANKING CHURCH OFFICALS ELECTED AN ITALIAN POPE URBAN VI, BUT HE SOON PROVED TO BE UNRULY AND CRUEL  THE CARDINALS DECLARED HIS ELECTION INVALID AND ELECTED A FRENCH CANDIDATE WHICH WAS CLEMENT VII, BUT WHEN URBAN REFUSED TO RESIGN CLEMENT RETREATED BACK TO AVIGNON

5.  MAIN IDEA: BY THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY, DEBATES WITHIN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH HAD INCREASED

6.  JOHN WYCLIFFE CALLS FOR REFORMS › BEFORE THE GREAT SCHISM, THE MOST SERIOUS INTERNAL CONFLICT AMONG CHRISTANS HAD BEEN THE SPLIT BETWEEN ROME AND CONSTANTINOPLE IN 1054. › THE PATRIARCH, OR LEADING BISHOP, OF CONSTANTINOPLE, HAD REFUSED TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE AUTHORITY OF THE POPE IN ROME › AS A RESULT, TWO BRANCHES OF CHRISTIANITY DEVELOPED: THE WESTERN EUROPEAN ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE EASTERN ORHODOX CHURCH

7.  CHALLENGES TO THE CHURCH › AT THE UNIVERSITY OF PRAGUE IN PRESENT-DAY CZECH REPUBLIC, WHERE HE STUDIED AND TAUGHT, HUS CALLED FOR REFORM OF CHURCH PRACTICES › HUS OBJECTED PARTICULARY TO THE CHURCHS sale OF INDULGENCES. FOR MANY YEARS, THE CHURCH ALLOWED PEOPLE TO BUY AN INDULGENCE INSTEAD OF DOING PENANCE TO GAIN FORGIVENESS FOR THEIR SINS.PENANCE › MANY PEOPLE WERE HAPPY TO BUY AN INDULGENCE INSTEAD OF DOING A PENANCE, AND THE CHURCH WAS HAPPY TO TAKE THEIR MONEY. HUS FELT HIS PRACTICE WAS NOT IN KEEPING WITH CHURCH TEACHINGS.

8. › PENANCE IS AN ACT THAT ONE PERFORMS TO GET FORGIVENESS OF SINS

9.  THE RANK OF A POPE; PAPAL OFFICE

10.  A pope is the Bishop of Rome and the spiritual leader of the Roman Catholic Church.