1. The Swine Industry

7. Swine (Pig) Production

8. Swine (Pig) Production
Main Purpose – to produce pork for Human consumption

9. Swine Terms What do you call a mature male hog?
Boar
What do you call a mature female hog?
Sow
What do you call the act of giving birth?
Farrowing
What do you call a castrated male hog?
Barrow

10. Swine (Pig) Production Terms for Understanding
Castration – the removal of testicals from the male swine for the purpose of improving feed conversion, disposition and meat quality

11. Swine (Pig) Production Terms for Understanding
Boar– A male pig not castrated that is used for breeding purposes
Barrow- A male pig that IS castrated that is entirely meant for pork production

12. Livestock Terms What is a new born hog called?
Piglet
What do you call a young female hog?
Gilt
What is the gestation for hogs?
114 days or 3 months, 3 weeks, & 3 days

13. The Swine Industry
Number of operations has decreased in the past 30 years
1950, over three million producers
Today, over 100,000 producer
Number of hogs slaughtered has increased
Farms have grown in size; 53 percent of them now produce 5,000 or more pigs per year.
Nearly 21 billion pounds of pork were processed from about 110 million hogs in A total of 2.3 million metric tons of pork valued at more than $6.3 billion was exported in 2012.

14. Labor requirements per pound of pork produced are relatively low
The need for manual labor is reduced with the use of automated confinement facilities
The investment in confinement facilities is higher than it is for simpler systems such as raising hogs on pasture
However, few farmers today use pasture raising systems for swine production

15. The Swine Industry Per capita consumption Pork in the American diet
United States ranks second to China in production
United States ranks l3th in consumption
Pork in the American diet
Concern over fat
Education by the National Pork Producers Council

16. History of the swine industry
Columbus brought swine on his journey to the United States
Hernando de Soto first introduced swine to the United States
Today’s wild hogs are ancestors of pigs that escaped captivity
As settlers moved west, they took pigs with them

17. Swine products
Food
Lard
Cooking
Soap

18. Location of the swine industry
Midwest
South
Iowa and North Carolina rank #1 and #2 respectively in pig numbers

19. Overview of the Swine Enterprise
Corn belt states remain the major swine producing region of the U.S.
About 60% of all swine
Availability of grain
Mainly corn
Show clip after this slide- Truth about Modern Pork Production (5:06)

20. Breeds of swine Mother (large litter, high milk production)
Yorkshire
Landrace
Sire (grow rapidly; well-muscled, meaty carcass)
Duroc
Hampshire
Crossbreeds

21. Swine Breeds American Landrace Berkshire Chester White Duroc Hampshire
Hereford
Pietrain
Poland China
Spotted
Tamworth
Yorkshire

22. Duroc Misc.-Large Frame, Fast gainers, good mothers, Popular breed
Originated from red hogs raised in the Eastern U.S.
Red
Ears that droop forward
Misc.-Large Frame, Fast gainers, good mothers, Popular breed
Very popular breed in the U.S.

23. Hampshire Misc.-The “Meat Breed” Excellent Carcass
Originated in England
Black with a white belt that encircles the forepart of the body
Erect ears
Good rustling ability, muscle, and carcass leanness
Popular breed
Used in many crossbreeding programs
Misc.-The “Meat Breed” Excellent Carcass

24. Berkshire Misc.-Short Snout, Meat type hog Originated in England
Medium-sized hog that produces an acceptable carcass
Black with six white points
Head is slightly dished
Erect ears
Misc.-Short Snout, Meat type hog
Emphasis on fast and efficient growth, meatiness, good reproduction

25. Poland China Originated in Ohio Black with six white points
Feet, face, tip of the tail
Forward-drooping ears
One of the larger breeds of hogs
Carcasses have low backfat and large loin eyes, Long body thick hams
Used in many crossbreeding programs

26. Spotted Color-no less than 20% or more than 80% White
Developed in Indiana
Black and white
Forward-drooping ears
Similar body type to Poland China
Breeders strive to produce a large-framed hog with efficient gains and good muscling
Color-no less than 20% or more than 80% White
Misc.-Good mothers, fast gainers

27. Chester White Color-White with blue freckles
Originated in Chester County, Pennsylvania
White
Ears droop forward
Mothering ability
Color-White with blue freckles
Misc.-good mothers, large frame

28. Yorkshire Originated in England in the county of Yorkshire White
Erect ears
Slightly dished face
The mother breed. Large litter, high feed efficiency, rapid growth, good mothering ability, long carcasses

29. American Landrace Originated in Denmark White Long bodied
Ears lop forward and down
Mothering ability
Large litters
Extremely Long Bodies

30. Tamworth Originated in Ireland
Considered to be the oldest of the purebred breeds
Red, with shades varying from light to dark
Ears are erect
Has a long head and snout
Good mothers and large litters
Good foragers

31. Hereford Developed in Missouri, Iowa, and Nebraska
Red with a white face
Ears are forward drooping
Prolific, good mothers, and have good rustling ability

32. Pietrain Originated near the village of Pietrain, Belgium
White with black spots
Medium sized with erect ears, short legs, and muscular hams
Exceptionally high lean to fat ratio
Makes it desirable in genetic improvement programs

33. Production Swine habits
Wallow in mud to keep cool and fight off parasites
Only use one area of their pen to drop waste
Will not overeat

34. Production, Cont. Swine and humans
Similar digestive, circulatory, and other systems
Swine tissues used to replace human heart skin
Swine heart valves used to replace human heart valves

35. Phases of industry Farrowing Growing Finishing Confinement operations
Feed conversion ratio
Diet
High-protein diet to promote growth and muscle development
High-carbohydrate diet later to develop fat
Need ten types of amino acids

36. Environmental concerns
Odor and manure disposal
Lagoons
Regulated to prevent pollution of water
Bacteria helps break down waste into slurry
Waste used as fertilizer

37. Ear Notching Swine Reproduction Universal Swine Identification system
Tags will come off in the feed pen

38. Swine Reproduction
Ear Notching

39. Swine Reproduction
Ear Notching

40. Swine Reproduction
Ear Notching
Quiz

41. Ear Notching Swine Reproduction
The right (litter) ear is equal to =16
The left (pig) ear is equal to 3
This is the 16-3 pig.