1. Child and Lifespan Development
Chapter 18: Safety and Health

2. “Feed a Cold, Starve a Fever”
Journal
Read the old saying. Write a paragraph about what you think it may mean.
“Feed a Cold, Starve a Fever”

3. State Standards
Standard 4.4: Analyze necessary components of a healthy , safe, and stimulating environment during the infant and toddler stages.
Standard 5.4: Analyze necessary components of a healthy , safe, and stimulating environment during preschool years.
Standard 6.4: Analyze necessary components of a healthy , safe, and stimulating environment during middle childhood.
Standard 7.4: Analyze necessary components of a healthy , safe, and stimulating environment during adolescence.

4. Definition Carousel
Around the room find white boards with one word on each.
Travel around the room and add a comment about the word. It may be a definition or an example.
Only one group at each board at a time!
Words for white boards: allergy, antibodies, asthma, communicable disease, contagious, immunize, vaccine, artificial respiration, convulsion, CPR, fracture, Heimlich maneuver, nontoxic, poison control center, sprain

5. Preventing Accidents and Handling Emergencies
Section 18-1
Preventing Accidents and Handling Emergencies

6. Safety
The safety of a child is the most important responsibility of every caregiver!
Each age has it particular hazards because children of different ages have different abilities.

7. Infants Falls cause the most injuries among babies
Babies tend to fall head first, causing brain damage.
Never leave a baby unattended.
Babies like to suck and chew on almost anything. This can cause 3 hazards:
Chocking on small objects
Chocking or suffocating on plastic bags
Poisoning- make sure anything that babies could place their mouth on is non toxic
Have the poison control number handy at all times!

8. Common Household Poisons
Kinds of Poison
Examples
Type of Contact
Medicines
Prescription Pills
Over the Counter Meds
Vitamins
Cold Preparations
Swallowing
Cleaning Products
Ammonia
Detergents
Bleach
Cleaners
Disinfectants
Skin
Eyes
Inhaling
Personal Care Products
Shampoo/ Soap
Nail Polish and Remover
Perfumes/Lotions
Mouthwash
Gardening and Garage Products
Insecticides/ Fertilizers
Poisons
Gasoline
Paint Thinner
Antifreeze
Plants
English Ivy
Daffodil Bulbs
Holly Berries
Poinsettias
Common Household Poisons

9. Infants, continued A small child should never be left alone near water
Don’t only think pool!
This includes toilets!
Car accidents cause more accidents among children than any other factor
Use a, approved safety seat. Adult seat belts do not protect children.

10. Car Seat Laws in Tennessee
Children under 1 or any child weighing less than 20 pounds must be in a rear facing restraint system
Children 1-3 and weighing more than 20 pounds must be in a forward facing restraint system
Children 4-8 and less than 4’9” tall must be in a belt positioning booster seat system

11. Ages 1-3 Ages 1-3 need very careful supervision! Very mobile
Can get into danger quickly
No toddler should be left unattended more than a few minutes- even if they are within hearing distance
Prevent Chocking by teaching toddlers these rules:
stay seated while eating
Always take small bites
Chew all food thoroughly
Swallow before taking another bite
Don’t talk or laugh with food in the mouth
Keep small toys and other small objects out of the mouth

12. Safe or Not Safe? Are these objects a choking hazard?
Teacher bring in a box of common household items- some safe from choking, some not safe. Ask students if they think each object is safe or not. Get a class answer. Then check each item using a toilet paper roll for choking hazard.
Are these objects a choking hazard?

13. Ages 4 and Older Teach children good safety practices!
Outdoor play equipment should be firmly anchored
The ground should be covered with a soft material to cushion falls
All matches or lighters should be locked away
Caregivers should set and enforce safety rules
Many children are fascinated by fire. All matches and lighters should be locked away.

14. Guidelines for Fast Action
If a child in your care gets hurt:
Above all, try to remain calm.
Evaluate the situation
Make the victim comfortable
Call for help if necessary
911, poison control center, your family doctor
Give the minimum necessary first aid treatment

15. Using Standard Precautions
Reduce your risks of spreading diseases!
Use disposable gloves when changing diapers
Complete thorough, frequent hand washing
Perform proper cleaning of surfaces and disposal of items which may be contaminated
Use special devices for mouth to mouth resuscitation

16. First Aid
Be familiar with first aid procedures if you are going to be a care giver!
Animal Bites
Wash the area with soap and water
If the animal bit the child with provocation, call the local health department so the animal will be tested for rabies
Bumps and Bruises
Treat with a cold cloth or ice pack
If the child complains for more than 1 day, call a doctor
Call the doctor if the child looses consciousness, is drowsy or irritable, complains with a headache, or vomits

17. First Aid, continued Bleeding
Minor cuts and scrapes- stop the bleeding by placing a clean cloth or gauze pad on the wound and pressing hard for minutes without releasing
Deep cuts or wounds- if breathing is rapid and sharp send for medical help; try to stop the bleeding by applying a soft cloth or gauze and pressure; try elevation
Nosebleeds- have child sit and lean slightly forward; put pressure on the nose with your fingers just below the bones for several minutes; sometimes cold packs help

18. First Aid, continued Burns
1st degree burns- red and slightly swollen; cover the area with cool water or a cold cloth until the pain stops
2nd degree burns- deeper, redder, and blistered; use cool water or cloth to start , but should be treated by a physician
3rd degree burns- destroy the skin, may look white or charred; may be very little pain at first due to destroyed nerve endings; these burns require immediate medical attention
Chemical Burns- wash the affected area immediately with cold water, remove and clothing with the chemical on it (unless it is stuck to the skin), apply a clean bandage, call a doctor
Electrical Burns- may be deep but appear minor, cool area with cool water, cover it with a clean bandage, have patient lie down with legs elevated and head turned to one side (to prevent shock), call for an ambulance

19. Choking Recognize the signs of choking:
Inability to speak, breathe, or cry
Bluish lips, nails, and skin
High-pitched noises or ineffective coughing
Act quickly to dislodge the object!
Follow the steps on the next slide

22. First Aid, continued
Convulsions: a seizure, a period of unconsciousness with uncontrolled jerking or twitching of the muscles
Place the person on his/her side on the floor and away from any hard objects
Don’t attempt to hold the person down
Don’t attempt to place anything between their teeth
After they stop be sure the head is turned to the side to prevent choking
Call the doctor for further instructions
If they last more than 15 minutes, call an ambulance

23. First Aid, continued Fainting: loss of consciousness
May collapse without warning or may first experience sweating, cold skin, nausea, or dizziness
Someone who feels faint should lie down or sit with their head between their legs
When a person faints:
loosen any tight clothing
Check to be sure they are still breathing; if not, call 911 and begin CPR, if you are certified
If person is breathing they should regain consciousness within 2 minutes. If not, call for help

24. First Aid, continued Fractures and Sprains
Fracture: break or a crack in a bone
Sprain: an injury caused by sudden, violent stretching of a joint or muscle
Both may cause pain, swelling, or bruising
If you suspect a fracture or sprain:
Don’t move person until you know how serious it is, this is especially important for back, neck, and collar bone injuries
Call for medical help
Treat mild sprains by elevating and applying cold ice packs

25. First Aid, continued Insect Stings and Bites
Stings- includes bees and wasps
Scrape off stinger
Cover with a baking soda and water paste
If the person is allergic take them to the doctor immediately. Don’t wait for symptoms to begin!
Watch the person. Take them to the doctor if they become dizzy, faint, difficulty breathing, vomiting, hives, or heavy perspiration
Ticks-
Grab the tick with tweezers as close to the skin as possible
Wash the area with soap and water
Mosquito, ant, and chiggers
Baking soda and water paste will give relief

26. First Aid, continued Poisoning Steps to Take:
From swallowed poisons- difficulty in breathing, unconsciousness, fever, burns in the mouth and throat, vomiting
Skin contact- burns or rash on the skin
Eye contact- burning or irritation to the eyes or blindness
Inhaled- choking, coughing, nausea, dizziness
Steps to Take:
Find out what poisoned the child
Phone the poison control center, hospital, or doctor
Follow the directions you receive

27. First Aid, continued
Shock- due to severe injury, loss of great deal of blood, poisoning
Important body functions are impaired
Symptoms- rapid pulse, clammy skin, shallow breathing, enlarged pupils, glassy stare, and nausea
Seek medical care immediately
Keep person warm and lying down
Splinters and Thorns
Can become infected
Use sterilized tweezers to remove it then cover with a sterile bandage

28. Rescue Techniques
Artificial Respiration- procedure for forcing air into the lungs of a person whose breathing has stopped
Wear protective face mask and gloves
CPR-cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Used when both breathing and heart have stopped
Special training is needed to perform CPR

29. Activity Each student will create a first aid book
Each book should have all of these topics:
Table of Contents
Fainting
Animal Bites
Fractures/ Sprains
Bleeding
Insect Stings and Bites
Bumps and Bruises
Poisoning
Burns
Shock
Choking
Splinters and Thorns
Convulsions
Emergency Phone Numbers

30. Preventing Illness and Caring for a Sick Child
Section 18-2
Preventing Illness and Caring for a Sick Child

31. Journal
Make a list of words describing how you felt the last time you were sick
Now make a list of words describing how you feel when you are well
Which set of feelings is more enjoyable?

32. Regular Health Care Children should have regular checkups
Newborns require frequent checkups through the year.
Older children less frequent but at least 1 time a year
Call the doctor for these symptoms: fever, lack of energy, prolonged diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, difficulty breathing, persistent cough, severe headache, and dizziness

33. Immunizations
Immunize- to protect a person against a particular disease
Communicable disease- diseases that are easily passed from one person to another
Vaccine- small amount of disease-carrying germ introduced into the body so the body can build a resistance to it
Antibodies- the body produces antibodies that fight off germs for that disease

34. Allergies Allergy- an oversensitivity to one or more common substances
Allergies can be brought on by eating, breathing, or touching substances
Symptoms can range from a rash to life threatening reactions
Allergies can’t be cured
Medication might be prescribed to help control the allergy
Some people have allergies so severe they carry a medication called an epi-pen to be used in emergency situations

35. Asthma
Asthma- a condition that affects the lungs where air passages tighten making it difficult to breathe
Can be brought on by:
allergic reaction
cold or flu
Cold Air
Stress
Etc
Children with asthma can take medication to help open their airways

36. Caring for a Sick Child
Contagious- the period of time when a person can easily pass germs on to someone else
People who are contagious should stay inside and away from other people
Sometimes children need pain relief or medicine to reduce a fever
Use Tylenol or Motrin
Make sure you following the dosing guidelines on the bottle

37. Comforting a Sick Child
Sick children need extra love and sympathy
Children who are ill don’t have much energy for play
Children of different ages have different needs when ill
Infants: much more sleep, cranky, may want a lot of physical comfort; gently rock, talk softly , sing, and hold the baby close
Ages 1-3: need help keeping comfortable and occupied, staying in bed is difficult, quiet play
Ages 4-12: can help care for themselves; have better verbal skills; can enjoy playing quietly

38. Going to the Hospital
Hospitalized children may fear that their parents have abandoned them
They may be frightened that they will be hurt or they will die
If a hospital stay is scheduled for the future if may be a good idea to visit the hospital ahead of time
While in the hospital as much information as possible should be given to the child
Be honest- don’t tell them it won’t hurt if it will!

39. Identifying and Treating Diseases
Assignment-
Each group will put together a presentation on a disease that is included on the chart on pages
Include:
Causes of the disease
Symptoms of the Disease
Treatment
Pictures