1. Chapter 35 Lesson 1 Providing first Aid
First Aid – The immediate, temporary care given to a person who has become sick or who has been injured
First aid is administered in the second and minutes following and accident or a person’s becoming sick
Administering first aid until the proper authority arrives on the scene can mean the difference of life and death

2. Priorities in an Emergency
The first five minutes of an emergency situation are the most critical
It is important to remain calm and to keep these six priorities and keep 6 priorities in mind

3. 6 Priorities in an Emergency
1. Check the immediate surroundings for possible dangers
Move the victim only if their life is threatened
2. Check to see if the victim is conscious
If not call for ambulance at once

4. 6 Priorities in an Emergency
3. Check breathing – be sure victim has an open airway.
If not – attempt to clear airway
Then administer rescue breathing if necessary

5. 6 Priorities in an Emergency
4. Control severe bleeding –
If blood is bright red and spurting, an artery has been damaged
Apply direct pressure to the wound
Use gloves or protective barrier to avoid spread of infectious diseases

6. 6 Priorities in an Emergency
5. Check victim for poisoning –
Any substance solid, liquid or gas that causes injury, illness or death
6. Send for medical help –
Call 911 or send someone to call 911

7. Secondary Emergency Measures
Once you have taken steps to ensure the victim’s safety and have administered life support procedures, you should attend to the following secondary measures

8. Secondary Emergency Measures
Learn as much as you can about what happened, and devise a plan of action
Look after the victim’s continued safety and comfort
Keep the victim still and in the position most suited to his or her injury or condition

9. Secondary Emergency Measures
Make sure victim maintains normal body temperature
Provide blankets or coat for warmth, or provide shade for cooling protection from the sun
Loosen tight or binding clothing.
Take care not to jar the victims neck or spine

10. Types of Emergencies There are many types of emergencies
Some are minor while others are can be life threatening

11. Open wounds Abrasions – scrapes, damages the outer layers of skin
Accompanied by little or no bleeding, but may become easily infected

12. Open wounds
Laceration – cut is generally caused by a sharp object such as a knife or broken glass, or a hard blow from a blunt object
May have jagged or smooth edges
Usually accompanied by bleeding
Deep cuts can result in heavy bleeding and damage to nerves, blood vessels and soft tissue

13. Open wounds
Puncture – wound caused by a pin, splinter or other pointed object piercing the skin
Although external bleeding is usually limited, puncture wounds carry the potential for internal bleeding and damage to internal organs
Risk of infection becomes greater when the object remains in skin

14. Open wounds
Avulsion – When tissue is separated partly or completely from a person’s body
Often occur in auto accidents and from animal bites
Body part should be sent to the hospital with the victim in case it can be reattached

15. First Aid for Open Wounds
1.Stop the bleeding – direct pressure using heel of hand either directly on wound or a pressure point along the artery supplying the blood
2. Protect the wound – Clean cloth over an open wound will help protect it from infection

16. Open wounds
3. Treat for shock – can result from severe bleeding, heart attack or electrocution, poisoning, or sudden change in temperature
Symptoms of shock – confusion, slower or faster pulse, trembling, weakness in arms, legs, pale or clammy skin, pale or bluish lips, and fingernails, and enlarged pupils - keep lying down, feet elevated and maintain body temperature – never give food or drink

17. Open wounds
4. Get Help – see to it the victim gets immediate medical attention
Send someone for help
If you are alone leave the victim only after you have performed first aid and feel that you have lessened the risk of further injury or death
Find out victims blood type if possible
make sure you know your own

18. Blood Types TYPE A TYPE B
TYPE AB – Universal recipient because can receive all other types
TYPE O – Universal donor because can give to all other types

19. Blood types RH factor – the + or – in the blood
A protein in the blood of some 85% of the U.S. population – Rh+
Individuals with Rh negative blood – blood that does not have the factor should not be given Rh positive blood

20. Severe Burns
First Degree – These are superficial burns, like most sunburns, and involve, the top layer of skin
Healing takes 3-5 days
2nd Degree – second degree burns involve the top several layers of skin
Skin will have blisters, and appear blotchy
Healing takes 3-4 weeks

21. Severe Burns
3rd degree – The most severe burns, destroy all layers of skin as well as nerves, muscles, fat and bones
Burns look black and brown