1. PCH
First Aid
8th Grade

2. Review: Basic First Aid
Bleeding
For small scrapes wash the area with mild soap and water.
Heavier bleeding wounds cover with sterile gauze and apply pressure.
DO NOT TAKE gauze off of the wound. Just add more if needed.
If bleeding does not stop seek medical help.

3. Review: Basic First Aid
Burns
First-degree burns: affects top layer of skin. Red and some pain. Run cold water over, do not put ice or ice water over burn.
Second-degree burns: affect two layers of skin and cause blisters. Pour cool water over the area, or wet cold compress. Cover the burn with a sterile bandage. If larger than 2 inches go to emergency room.

4. Review: Basic First Aid
Burns
Third-degree burns: affect all layers of skin. Some muscle and even bone may be burned. Skin looks dark or dry white. Call for help right away. Cover burn with a clean, wet cloth. Do not remove clothing stud to the burn

5. Review: Poisoning
Poisons can enter your body through your stomach, lungs, and skin.
Try to find out what poison was taken.
Call your local poison control center.

6. Review: fractures Broken or cracked bone.
Try not to move the injured area.
Call for help, or go to the emergency room.
You can make a splint (a stiff object to keep area from moving) and wrap it with bandages.

7. Review: Dislocations
A bone has been forced out of its normal position in a joint.
Do not try to put a dislocated bone back into place.
Do your best to keep the joint from moving, and seek medical help.

8. Giving first aid
Three “C’s”
Check
Call
Care

9. Check Is it safe? What happened? How many people are involved?
Is there immediate danger involved?
Is anyone else available to help?
What is wrong?

10. call Call 9-1-1 Police department Fire department Poison control
Family doctor
Always call before you give care.

11. Care
Do no further harm
Monitor the person’s breathing and consciousness.
Help the person rest in the most comfortable position.
Keep the person form getting chilled or overheated.
Reassure the person
Give any specific care needed.

12. Good Samaritan law
To help protect people who voluntarily give care without accepting anything in return.
If they DO NOT give consent
Do not give care but instead call or the local emergency number

13. When to call 9-1-1 Person is or becomes unconscious
Seizure lasting more than 5 minutes
Has trouble breathing
Sudden severe headache or slurred speech
Chest discomfort
Bleeding severely
Poisoned
Severe (critical burn)
Injuries to head, neck or back
Pressure or pain in abdomen
Possible broken bones
Vomiting blood

14. Protect yourself When giving first aid you may be exposed to:
Blood
Saliva
Other body fluids
If available wear protective equipment:
Breathing mask
Sterile gloves

15. Checking a conscious person
Ask Questions
What happened?
Do you feel pain or discomfort anywhere?
Do you have any allergies?
Do you have any medical conditions or are you taking any medication?

16. Checking a conscious person
Checking From Head to Toe
Do Not move areas that have discomfort or you suspect head, neck, or back injury
Look for cuts, bruises, or bumps.
Watch for consciousness.
Look for changes in persons breathing

17. Checking a unconscious person
ABC’s
Airway
Check to see if person has an open airway and is breathing
Breathing
Listen and feel for movement and breathing for no more than 10 seconds
Circulation
Check for a pulse. If no pulse you will need to begin CPR.

18. Caring for shock Shock Caring for Shock
Blood flow to body’s tissues and vital organs is not working properly
Caring for Shock
Call 9-1-1
Have the person lie down
Control external bleeding

19. How to give a rescue breath
After checking an ill or injured person
No movement or breathing
Step 1
Tilt head and lift chin, then pinch nose shut
Step 2
Take a breath and make a complete seal over the person’s mouth
Step 3
Blow into to make chest clearly rise. (Should last about 1 second)
What to do next
If breath goes it – begin CPR
If breaths do not go in – give care for unconscious choking.

20. cpr CardioPulmonary Resuscitation
Technique used to save a victim who isn’t breathing and who doesn’t have a heartbeat.

21. CPR - adult After checking an ill or injured person No signs of life
Step 1
Give cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths. 1 ½ - 2 inches downward.
Step 2
Continue CPR until
Scene becomes unsafe
You find a sign of life
AED is ready to use
You are too exhausted to continue
Another trained responder arrives and takes over

22. Cpr - adult You should do 5 cycles in 2 minutes What to do next
30 chest compressions for every 2 rescue breaths.
What to do next
Use and AED as soon as one becomes available

23. Cardiac chain of survival
1. Early recognition and early access
Sooner you call the quicker advanced help arrives.
2. Early CPR
Helps circulate blood that contains oxygen to vital organs.
3. Early defibrillation
Electronic shot
4. Early advanced medical care
EMTs and paramedics