1. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 31 First Aid

2. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid2 Motivation First-aid might be needed anywhere, at any time, and without warning. Studying basic first- aid skills will help you be prepared in emergencies.

3. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid3 Lesson overview What is first aid? How can you be prepared for an emergency? What are universal precautions? What are the four steps to take for most emergencies? What are common emergencies?

4. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid4 Lesson overview (cont’d) How should you treat a sprain? How should you treat a broken bone? How should you deal with a foreign object in the eye? What are severe emergencies? How can you help a person who is choking?

5. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid5 Lesson Objectives Define First Aid Explain how you can be prepared for an Emergency Discuss some universal Precautions Explain the four steps to be taken for most emergencies Know at least 4 common emergencies Explain how to treat a Sprain explain R.I.C.E. Explain how to treat a Broken Bone

6. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid6 Lesson Objectives Explain how to treat a foreign object in the eye Explain how to help a person who is choking

7. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid7 Quick Write Suppose that you witnessed a car accident. List the actions you would take to provide help and the order in which you would take them. (Note: Use “Pick a Student” button in CPS.)

8. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid8 What is first aid? First aid — immediate temporary care for an injured/ill person until he/she can get professional help Knowing first aid may Help prevent further damage Speed recovery Make the difference between life and death

9. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid9 How can you be prepared for an emergency? Learn basic first-aid skills. Have emergency numbers on hand. Know location of family health records. Keep first-aid supplies at home and in car. Know how to use them.

10. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid10 How can you be prepared for an emergency? (cont’d) Make your own first-aid kit or buy one. Basic first-aid supplies Instruments (e.g., tweezers) Equipment (e.g., thermometer) Medications (e.g., antiseptic ointment) Dressings (e.g., bandages) Miscellaneous (e.g., face mask)

11. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid11 What are universal precautions? Universal precautions — actions that prevent spread of disease by treating all blood as if it were contaminated Examples Wear protective gloves. Use a face mask or shield. Cover open wounds on your body. Avoid touching objects that have had contact with victim’s blood. Wash hands thoroughly after giving first aid.

12. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid12 What are the four steps to take for most emergencies? Recognize the signs. Decide to act. Call for help. Provide care until help arrives.

13. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid13 What are common emergencies? Sprains Bruises Broken bones Insect bites Burns Poisoning Foreign objects in eye Nosebleed Fainting Heat-related illnesses

14. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid14 How should you treat a sprain? Symptoms Swelling Bruising For minor sprains, use R.I.C.E. method Rest Ice Compression Elevation

15. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid15 How should you treat a broken bone? Open fracture — complete break with one or both sides of the bone piercing the skin Closed fracture—does not break the skin Symptoms—pain, swelling, misshapen appearance Have X-ray taken. This is the only way to be sure bone is broken.

16. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid16 How should you deal with a foreign object in the eye? If the object is in your eye Don’t rub. Try to flush object out with clean water. If unsuccessful, seek help. If object is in someone else’s eye Locate object. Remove floating object on eye’s surface with cotton swab or clean cloth. If unsuccessful, seek help.

17. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid17 How should you treat a nosebleed? Pinch nose shut with thumb and index finger. Breathe through mouth. Keep nose pinched for 5 to 10 minutes. Get medical assistance if bleeding. Lasts for 15+ minutes Is excessive

18. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid18 What are severe emergencies? Severe emergencies are emergencies in which a person may have only minutes to live unless the correct treatment is provided. In such emergencies, try to stay calm, and call for help.

19. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid19 How can you help a person who is choking? Choking occurs when person’s airway becomes blocked by an object. Signs of choking include Expression of fear Clutching throat Wheezing/gasping Turning reddish purple Bulging eyes Inability to speak

20. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid20 How can you help a person who is choking? (cont’d) For an adult or older child, use abdominal thrusts—quick, upward pulls into the diaphragm to force out an obstruction blocking the airway. The abdominal thrusts technique From behind, wrap arms around person’s waist and tip person slightly forward.

21. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid21 How can you help a person who is choking? (cont’d) Make a fist. Place thumb side of fist just above person’s navel but below breastbone. Grasp fist with other hand. Quickly thrust inward and upward. Repeat thrusts until food/object is dislodged. If person becomes unresponsive, call for medical help and begin CPR.

22. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid22 How can you help a person who is choking? (cont’d) If you are choking, give yourself abdominal thrusts. Make fist and position it slightly above navel. Grasp fist with other hand and thrust inward and upward into abdomen until object pops out. Or lean over a firm object (back of chair) and press abdomen into it.

23. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid23 How should you treat severe bleeding? Have person lie down. If possible, raise bleeding site above heart level. Wear protective gloves if possible. Apply direct pressure to wound with clean cloth. If unsuccessful, apply pressure to the artery that supplies blood to wounded area.

24. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid24 How should you treat severe bleeding? (cont’d) For arm bleeding Use four fingers to press on inside of upper arm. Press artery at this point against arm bone. To find artery, feel for pulse below round muscle of biceps.

25. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid25 How should you treat severe bleeding? (cont’d) For leg bleeding Use heel of your hand to press groin at area shown here. Press artery at this point against pelvic bone. You may need to use both hands.

26. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid26 Lesson review First aid—immediate temporary care for injured/ill person until professional help arrives Be prepared for emergencies. Learn basic first-aid skills. Have list of emergency phone numbers. Know location of family health records. Keep first-aid supplies at home and in car and know how to use them. Universal precautions—actions taken to prevent spread of disease by treating all blood as if it were contaminated

27. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid27 Lesson review (cont’d) The four steps to take for most emergencies Recognize signs. Decide to act. Call for help. Provide care until help arrives. Common emergencies: sprains, bruises, broken bones, insect bites, burns, poisoning, foreign objects in eye, nosebleeds, fainting, and heat-related illnesses Treat minor sprains with R.I.C.E. method. X-ray any possibly broken bones.

28. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid28 Lesson review (cont’d) For foreign object in eye, try to flush object out of eye with clean water. If unsuccessful, get medical assistance. To treat nosebleed Pinch nose shut with thumb and index finger. Breathe through mouth. Keep nose pinched for 5 to 10 minutes. If bleeding lasts 15+ minutes or if there is a lot of blood, seek medical assistance.

29. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid29 Lesson review (cont’d) Help a choking adult or older child by using abdominal thrusts technique. If you are choking, expel object with abdominal thrusts technique or by leaning over firm object and pressing abdomen into it.

30. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid30 Lesson review (cont’d) To stop severe bleeding, have person lie down. Try to raise bleeding site above level of heart. Try to use protective gloves. Apply direct pressure to wound with clean cloth. If unsuccessful, apply pressure to artery that supplies blood to wounded area.

31. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid31 Summary What is first aid? How can you be prepared for an emergency? What are universal precautions? What are the four steps to take for most emergencies? What are common emergencies?

32. Be Health SmartLesson 3, Chapter 3, First Aid32 Summary (cont’d) How should you treat a sprain? How should you treat a broken bone? How should you deal with a foreign object in the eye? What are severe emergencies? How can you help a person who is choking?