1. Cultural Diversity Preview Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Sociology
4/15/2017
Cultural Diversity
Preview
Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Section 2: Cultural Variation
Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter 2

2. Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Read to Discover
What is the meaning of the term culture, and how do material culture and nonmaterial culture differ?
What are the basic components of culture?

3. Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Culture consists of all the shared products of human groups which include physical objects, beliefs, values, and behaviors shared by a group.

4. Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Question
How do material culture and nonmaterial culture differ?

5. Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
MATERIAL CULTURE
NONMATERIAL CULTURE

6. Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
All the shared products of human groups
MATERIAL CULTURE
NONMATERIAL CULTURE
Physical objects that people create and use
Abstract human creations
Examples
Examples
Beliefs, family patterns, ideas, language, political and economic systems, rules
Automobiles, books, buildings, clothing, computers

7. Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Question
What are the basic components of culture?

8. Basic Components of Culture
Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Basic Components of Culture
Technology—physical objects and rules for using them
Symbols—anything that represents something else and has a shared meaning

9. Basic Components of Culture
Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Basic Components of Culture
Language—the organization of written or spoken symbols into a standardized system

10. Basic Components of Culture
Values—shared beliefs about what is good or bad, right or wrong

11. Basic Components of Culture
Norms—shared rules of conduct

12. Section 1: The Meaning of Culture
Levels of Culture
Culture trait—individual tool, act, or belief that is related to a particular situation or need
Culture complex—cluster of interrelated traits
Culture pattern—combination of a number of culture complexes into an interrelated whole

13. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Read to Discover
What are cultural universals, and why do they exist?
What do the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism mean?
What factors account for variations among and within cultures?

14. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Cultural universals—general features common to all cultures, such as cooking, dancing, and medicine
ALL societies must develop certain features to ensure their fulfillment.

15. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Question
What do the terms ethnocentrism and cultural relativism mean?

16. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Ethnocentrism—tendency to view one’s own culture and group as superior to other different cultures
Ethno = people, ethnic group
centrism= centered

17. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Ethnocentrism

18. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Cultural Relativism—belief that a culture should be judged by its own standards rather than by those of another culture

19. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Relativism

20. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Relativism

21. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Question
What factors account for variations among and within cultures?

22. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Subculture—group within a society which shares values, norms, and behaviors that are not shared by the entire population

23. Section 2: Cultural Variation
Counterculture—subculture which rejects the major values, norms, and practices of the larger society and replaces them with a new set of cultural values

24. Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding Main Ideas
List five examples of material culture and five examples of nonmaterial culture.
What is language, and why is it such an important part of culture?
How do folkways, mores, and laws differ? List three examples of each type of norm.
How do cultural traits, cultural complexes, and cultural patterns differ?
How did Margaret Mead contribute to the study of cultures?
What is ethnocentrism? How does it differ from cultural relativism?
How are subcultures and countercultures related?