1. 9-1 Building Overseas Empires Cornell Notes
EQ: How did Western nations come to dominate much of the world in the late 1800’s?

2. Imperialism – Takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation for the purpose of domination.

3. Motives Driving the New Imperialism
Economic interests
Industrialization – more access to natural resources
Ex: rubber, petroleum, manganese, palm oil
Created markets to sell products on = $$$

4. 2. Political and Military
Motives Continued
2. Political and Military
Steam-powered ships and naval vessels needed bases to take on coal and supplies
Industrial countries seized land for this
Nationalism – when one European country began expanding others tried to stop them, by controlling land around them

5. 3. Humanitarian and Religious goals
Motives Continued
3. Humanitarian and Religious goals
Genuine concern for their “little brothers” beyond the seas
Missionaries began taking the Christian religion to new areas
“White Man’s Burden”
Idea that it was the white mans responsibility to take civilization to the rest of the world
Examples:
Medicine
Law
Christianity

6. 4. Social Darwinism & Racism
Motives Continued
4. Social Darwinism & Racism
Growing sense of racial superiority
Applied Darwin's “survival of the fittest” to human societies
European races were seen as being superior to others
European imperial domination of weaker races was natures way of improving the human species
Millions of non-westerners (Europeans) were robbed of their cultural heritage.
Europeans
Everyone Else

7. Rapid Spread of Imperialism
European nations grew strong in 1800’s
Other older civilizations were in decline (ex: Ottoman empire, China, Mughal India)
European societies had superior technology
Ex: medicines - quinine, weapons (maxim gun, repeating rifles, etc)
Resistance –
Africans and Asians strongly resisted imperialism
However, lacked the technology

8. Criticism of Imperialism
Some people argued that imperialism was
Tool of the rich
Immoral
Western countries promoted democracy at home, but not abroad.

9. Forms of Imperial Rule Indirect Control – (Protectorate)
Relied on existing leaders
Gov’t institutions were based on European styles
British, U.S used Indirect control

10. Forms of Imperial Rule Cont.
Direct Control (Sphere of Influence)
Foreign leaders rule
Viewed Africans as Children unable to rule themselves
Control the local trade and economy
French, Germans, Portuguese used Direct control

11. Chapter 9 Vocabulary Imperialism Protectorate Sphere of Influence
Paternalistic
David Livingstone
Boer War
Elite
Sultan
Genocide
Concession
Sepoy
Viceroy
Deforestation
Balance of trade
Open Door Policy.
Trade surplus
Trade deficit
Opium War
Taiping Rebellion
Boxer Uprising