1. Sexually Transmitted Infections

3. What are Sexually Transmitted Infections?
Sexually transmitted infections or STIs are a term to describe over 25 different infections that can be transmitted through sexual activity, vaginal sex, oral sex, anal sex, or bodily fluids

5. Who is at Risk for an STI? Anyone who is sexually active
Anyone who has sexual contact of any kind with an infected person
Many people do not know they are infected and spread the disease without knowing
Teenagers are at the highest risk for STIs and most often get infected with STIs

7. Top 10 Risk Factors for Getting an STI
1. Unprotected Sex 2. Multiple Sex Partners 3. Being under 25 and/or having sex for the first time at an early age 4. Alcohol Use 5. Drug Use
6. Trading Sex for Money/Drugs 7. Living in a community with a high prevalence of STDs (BOSTON) 8. Serial Monogamy 9. Having an STD 10. Only Using Birth Control

8. Different Types of STIs
BACTERIAL
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
All bacterial STDs can be treated with antibiotics

9. Different Type of STIs
VIRAL Herpes HIV/AIDS Genital Warts (HPV) There is no cure for viral STIs Medication can be given to treat only symptoms of these STIs

10. Different Types of STIs
PROTOZOA Crabs (Pubic Lice) All STIs caused by protozoa can be treated and cured with antibiotics or medicated creams

11. Bacterial STIs

12. Chlamydia Bacterial STI that affects both boys and girls
The MOST COMMON STI
Causes: Any type of unprotected sexual activity including vaginal sex, oral sex, or anal sex

13. Chlamydia: Signs & Symptoms
BOYS
GIRLS
May have no symptoms
Burning sensation while peeing
Pain during sex
Rectal pain or discharge
Testicular pain
Discharge from the penis
Only 30% of women who have Chlamydia have symptoms
Burning sensation while peeing
Pain during sex
Stomach pain- nausea and vomiting
Rectal pain or discharge
Milky vaginal discharge
May never be able to have children if it goes untreated

14. Chlamydia: Girls

15. Chlamydia: Boys

16. Gonorrhea Bacterial STI that affects both boys and girls Very common
Causes: Any type of unprotected sexual activity including vaginal sex, oral sex, or anal sex
Can even get gonorrhea infections in the eye
Gonorrhea is not transmitted through such casual contact as hugging, shaking hands, sharing food, using the same eating utensils, drinking from the same glass, sitting on public toilets, or touching door knobs.

17. Gonorrhea: Signs & Symptoms
BOYS
GIRLS
May have no symptoms
Burning or pain while peeing
Peeing more frequently
White, yellow, or green discharge from the penis
Red or swollen opening of the penis
Sore or swollen testicles
Sore throat (ORAL GONORRHEA)
May have no symptoms
Vaginal itching
White, yellow, or green vaginal discharge
Burning or pain while peeing
Peeing more frequently
Pain during sex
Fever
Severe lower abdominal pain
Sore throat (ORAL GONORRHEA)

18. Gonorrhea: Girls

19. Gonorrhea: Boys

20. Gonorrhea: Eye Infection

21. Gonorrhea: Throat Infection

22. Syphilis Bacterial STI that affects both boys and girls
Very easily spread
Causes: Direct contact with the sores, vaginal sex, oral sex, and anal sex.
Syphilis is not transmitted through such casual contact as hugging, shaking hands, sharing food, using the same eating utensils, drinking from the same glass, sitting on public toilets, or touching door knobs.

23. Syphilis: Signs & Symptoms
STAGE 1: Primary Syphilis
Painless sores or ulcers in or on genitals or mouth
If syphilis is not treated at this stage, it will move on to Stage 2

24. Syphilis: Stage 1

25. Syphilis: Stage 1

26. Syphilis: Stage 1

27. Syphilis: Signs & Symptoms
Stage 2: Secondary Syphilis
Non itchy skin rash
Rash may contain the bacteria
Without treatment, the disease will move on to Stage 3

28. Syphilis: Stage 2

29. Syphilis: Stage 2

30. Syphilis: Signs & Symptoms
Stage 3: Latent Syphilis
May have no obvious symptoms but the infection remains in the body
May cause irreversible damage to organs
Can still spread the disease without knowing

31. Syphilis: Signs & Symptoms
Stage 4: Tertiary Syphilis
Serious damage to the nervous system, heart, brain, or other organs, and death may result
This stage can result in mental illness, blindness, deafness, memory loss, heart disease, and neurological issues

32. Syphilis: Stage 4

33. Syphilis: Stage 4

34. Bacterial STIs: Treatment
All bacterial STIs can be treated with antibiotics
You and your partner should get treated at the same time

35. Viral STIs

36. Herpes Transmission is possible even when no sores are present.
Causes:
Skin-to-skin contact
Anal sex
Vaginal sex
Oral sex
Kissing
Transmission is possible even when no sores are present.
There is no cure for herpes and once someone gets it, it stays with them forever.

37. Herpes: Signs & Symptoms
HSV- 1
HSV-2
Usually on the mouth/lips
“Cold Sore” or “Fever Blister”
Can also occur on the genitals or eye
Painful open red blisters
Flu-like symptoms
Disappears within days
Usually on the genitals but can occur on the lips
Occurs 1-2 weeks after exposure
Tingling sensation in the affected area
A group of small red bumps/blisters appear
Painful/Itchy

38. Herpes

39. Herpes

40. Herpes

41. Herpes

42. Herpes: Treatment There is no cure for Herpes.
Antiviral medications can reduce the frequency of outbreaks and speed the healing of the outbreaks

43. Genital Warts (HPV)
Genital Warts are caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Can lead to cervical cancer in women
Can be transmitted when warts are not present
Causes:
Sexual contact
Vaginal sex
Oral sex
Anal sex
Direct skin-to-skin contact with an infected individual.

44. Genital Warts (HPV): Signs & Symptoms
Small gray/flesh colored swelling in the genital area
Several cauliflower shaped warts on the genital area
Itching or discomfort in the genital area
Bleeding during sex

45. Genital Warts (HPV)

46. Genital Warts (HPV)

47. Genital Warts (HPV)

48. Genital Warts (HPV): Prevention
Vaccine: Gardasil
Only protects you from certain strains of HPV
Talk to your doctor about getting the vaccine
Condoms: May not fully protect you from HPV because of the way it is transmitted but more effective than having unprotected sex

49. Genital Warts (HPV): Treatment
There is no cure for HPV 
Many HPV infections will resolve on their own without causing any long-term harm
Some may cause long term complications such as cervical cancer in women so it is very important for girls to get annual PAP smears when they become sexually active
HPV may require treatments to remove warts or abnormal cells

50. HIV/AIDS Virus that is present in: Causes: Blood Semen
Vaginal secretions
Breast milk
Causes:
Unprotected anal sex
Unprotected vaginal sex
Unprotected oral sex
IV drug use
From an infected mother to her newborn during childbirth or breast-feeding

51. HIV/AIDS
HIV doesn't kill anybody directly. Instead, it weakens the body's ability to fight disease.
Infections which are rarely seen in those with normal immune systems are deadly to those with HIV.
Weakened immune system puts you at risk for many opportunistic infections
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Yeast Infection
Oral Ulcers

52. HIV/AIDS: Kaposi’s Sarcoma

53. HIV/AIDS: Yeast Infection

54. HIV/AIDS: Testing
The only way to know whether you are infected is to be tested for HIV
You can get tested at the doctor or find a testing site in your area

55. HIV/AIDS: Treatment There is no cure or vaccine for HIV or AIDS.
There are, however, a number of drugs and combinations of drugs that allow people with HIV or AIDS to stay healthy for longer periods of time.  

56. Protozoan STIs

57. Crabs (Pubic Lice)
Pubic lice are small, six-legged creatures that infect the pubic hair area and lay eggs.
Causes:
Sexual Activity
Physical contact with contaminated objects such as toilet seats, sheets, and blankets.
Some women have gotten pubic lice while trying on bathing suits at a store.

58. Crabs (Pubic Lice): Signs & Symptoms
Eggs or actual lice may be seen in pubic hair
Itching in the area that is covered with pubic hair
Sores in the genital area due to bites and scratching

59. Crabs (Pubic Lice)

60. Crabs (Pubic Lice): Risk Factors
Risk factors include:
Being sexually active
Having multiple sexual partners
Having sexual contact with an infected person
Sharing bedding or clothing with an infected person

61. Crabs (Pubic Lice): Prevention
Avoid sexual or intimate contact with infected people or use safe sex practices
Good personal hygiene
Do not try on bathing suits without underwear

62. Crabs (Pubic Lice): Treatment
Special shampoo used to kill lice

63. ACTIVITY: World’s Worst STI

64. World’s Worst STI At your table, create the world’s worst STI
What type of STI is it?
What are the symptoms?
How is it transmitted?
How is it diagnosed?
What is the treatment/cure?
What is the name of the STI?
Who is most likely to get it? (age, sex, geographic location, etc.)

65. How to Prevent STIs
Abstinence: Only 100% guarantee that you will not become infected with an STI
Not from just vaginal sex, but sexual activity in general in order to be 100% protected

66. If you do decide to become sexually active, ALWAYS PROTECT YOURSELF
How to Prevent STIs
If you do decide to become sexually active, ALWAYS PROTECT YOURSELF
Condoms:
Best way to prevent STIs if you are sexually active
Greatly reduces the risk of getting a sexually transmitted disease (although not 100% effective)
Must be used properly and 100% of the time in order to be effective
Male condoms are most often used, but if you are allergic to latex, use a female condom or a latex free male condom
Demonstrate proper condom use

67. Proper Condom Use

68. Consistent Condom Use

69. How to Prevent STIs
Try to limit the amount of people you have sex with and try to chose those who also have not had sex with many other people
Communicate openly with your partner to see if they have been exposed to any STDI before or have had a history of IV drug use

71. How to Prevent STIs Avoid alcohol and drugs
Makes you more susceptible to make bad decisions that you would not normally make

72. When to get tested? Get tested as soon as you feel there is a problem
Showing signs & symptoms of an STI
Routinely if you are sexually active

74. STI Screening
You should get tested at the first sign of a problem in order to avoid serious complications
Because many times STIs have no symptoms, you should talk to your doctor about getting screened when you go for your check up
Girls: STI exams are not a normal part of a gynecological exam. Talk to your doctor about getting tested

76. Answer the Following… When I think about STIs and HIV, I feel…
My chances of keeping myself free of STIs and HIV are…
I think some teens get infected with STIs because they…
If I found out I had and STI or HIV, one person I could go to would be…

77. Next Class High Risk, Low Risk, No Risk Routes of Transmission
Introduction to Relationships 