1. Struggle for Democracy in Africa Why has Africa struggled in gaining democratic governments?

2. Nigeria 1960: British give independence to Fulani (majority). Igbo (minority) attempt to form own nation causing a civil war, 1.2 million Nigerians killed (1967-70) Kenya: 1952-1963 Mau Mau start revolution against British using guerilla warfare. Kenyan leader Jomo Kenyatta accused of starting rebellion and jailed. Elected PM after release Algeria 1954-62: Marxist FLN led by Ahmed Ben Bella rebel against French Govt. DeGaulle sends in 500K troops but France loses. US backed Islamic rebels overthrow Bella’s gov in 65

3. Angola: 1960-75 Marxist rebels (MPLA) start revolution against Portuguese Gov, rebels win (1975) but civil war erupts when US backs anti-communists. 500K killed between 1975-2002 Congo 1960-65: Marxist group MNC & Patrice Lumumba win elections. Province of Katanga tries to break away. US backed coup led by Mobuto Sese Seko overthrows Lumumba gov. Lumumba assassinated, Seko rules as dictator, changes name of country to Zaire

4. South Africa: Dutch Afrikaners (Boers) control of Gov after indp. Set up Apartheid system that segregates blacks & whites. Apartheid ends in 1991, when Nelson Mandela’s ANC wins elections Uganda: Idi Amin takes power in a coup. Amin expels foreigners & nationalizes British businesses. Kills 300K from 1971-1979Rwanda: Tutsi minority rule after independence. Hutu majority wins election in 1994. Hutu army and Militia groups kill one million Tutsis