Youth Health Education

 STDs are illnesses that have a significant probability of transmission between humans by means of sexual behavior, intravenous drug needles, through childbirth and breastfeeding.  World Health Organization estimates that 448 million people between the ages of 15 and 49 are being infected a year with curable STDs such as Syphilis, Gonorrhea and Chlamydia.

 Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)  Chlamydia  Pelvicinflammatory Disease (PID)  Gonorrhea  Hepatitis B  Herpes, Genital  Human Papillomavirus (HPV)  Syphilis  Trichomoniasis  Crabs  HIV / AIDS

 Any woman can get BV.  Some women with BV don't know they have it because no symptoms.  Pregnant women with BV may deliver premature (early) or low birth-weight babies.

 Most people don’t know they have it since there are no symptoms.  Most commonly reported STD in US.  Sexually active females ages 25 years and younger need testing every year, otherwise leads to infertility  Easy to cure, but difficult for a woman to get pregnant if left untreated (also can get PID as shown in next slide)

 PID has serious consequences for women, including getting pregnant  Any untreated STD causes PID  Can prevent PID by taking protection  If diagnosed early, complications can be prevented

 Anyone who is sexually active can get Gonorrhea.  Gonorrhea can be cured with the right medication.  Untreated gonorrhea causes serious health problems for women & men.

 "Hepatitis" means inflammation of the liver.  leading cause of liver cancer and results in liver transplantation  most do not know they are infected  Spread by infectious blood or through body fluids. It is common in China

 Genital herpes is a common STD.  People do NOT know they have it  Can get from an infected partner, even if partner has no symptoms  No cure, medication only reduces symptoms

 HPV: most common sexually transmitted infection in the US.  Will not cause physical symptoms  Most infections do not cause disease  There are many types of HPV, some can cause genital warts and cancers  Almost all cervical cancers due to HPV

 Left untreated it leads to serious complications  Easy to cure if detected early  Pregnant women tested periodically as infection causes problems to baby  Most common with man / man

 Common STD, easy to cure  Infected Men and Women have no symptoms  Without treatment, can get other STDs  Pregnant women deliver early or low birth weight babies

 also called pubic lice, acquired by intimate contact between individuals  Children can get through shared towels, beds, clothing, etc.  Caused by parasitic insect infesting human pubic hair  Leads to intense itching  Can be treated with topical agents

 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)  Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)  the human immune system can't get rid of HIV virus, so have it for life.  HIV destroys CD4 cells that fight disease and infection in the body

 Over time HIV can destroy so many CD4 cells that body cannot fight diseases anymore and this often leads to AIDS  But with proper treatment using “antiretroviral therapy” (ART), can control level of HIV virus in the body, leading to long life without AIDS.

 Having other STD, can likely get HIV  Having any STD, get tested for HIV  Having any STD & HIV, will most likely spread HIV to partner  Many ways to reduce risk of getting both STD & HIV

 Abstinence: Not to have sex  Vaccination: Only helps prevent Hepatitis B and HPV (Human Papillomavirus). Better to get all 3 shots of HPV. Useful for women 25 years and younger and for men 21 years and younger

 Mutual Monogamy: One partner relationship for both  Condoms: Correct use of male latex condom  Test yourself: Both partners tested periodically for all STD’s

Chimpanzee in West Africa as source of HIV virus Humans hunted Chimpanzee for meat in the 1800’s Chimpanzee SIV (Simian IV) transmitted and mutated to human HIV Virus spread from Africa to other parts of the world

O Semen O Blood O Rectal fluids O Vaginal fluids O Breast milk Body fluids from HIV infected person

O Fever (ARS) O Swollen Glands O Rash O Fatigue O Muscle Aches O Sore Throat Depends on individual and stage of disease Some have for weeks, others no symptom for 10 years

Better to detect early by Testing

Means 2 Tests confirm presence of HIV possible to pass-on HIV virus to others, must get treated

Lead normal life with treatment With medication, exercise, good sleep, no-smoking and monitoring

 Infected during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding  Some children may be slower to reach development milestones  Suffer more childhood infections  Many kids retain intact immune systems  Susceptible to certain lung diseases  HIV treatment is same as adults noting the age related difference in CD4 cell counts

 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)  Final advanced stage of HIV infection  Not everyone with HIV reach this stage  Typically have low count of CD4 cells  Risk for opportunistic infections (OI)  Have badly damaged immune systems  Symptoms for AIDS include specific OIs, certain types of cancer or low CD4 cells  Need medical treatment to prevent death

 People with HIV face threats from these Opportunistic Infections (OI) solely because of their weakened immune systems: Hepatitis, cancer, tuberculosis, cardiovascular, diabetes, kidney, dementia, etc.  OIs cause death among people with HIV / AIDS  Taking Antiretroviral therapy to increase CD 4 cells and taking medications to prevent these diseases from occurring helps prevent OIs.

 Rapid weight loss  Recurring fever and fatigue  Swelling of lymph glands in neck, groin, armpits  Diarrhea for more than a week  Sores of the mouth, anus or genitals  Pneumonia  Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders.

35.3 million are living with HIV / AIDS; 36 million died of AIDS since 1981; in 2012 ~2.3 million newly affected with HIV; WHO says most do not have access to medication; slow progress made as 4 million received care in 2008; more needs to done as prevention has helped.

 People should be made aware of STD issues through education  People should get tested for STD infection early and periodically  People should practice safe sex or abstinence  People should follow personal hygiene habits THANK YOU!

Following references were used:    e/ htm  anding/treatment/pages/default.aspx 