Matching!—Pick up the sheet on your way in 1.Industrial Revolution 2.Islamic City 3.Feudal City 4.Gateway City 5.Great Migration 6.Medieval City 7.European Cities 8.Colonial Cities 9.Latin American City a)The movement of African Americans from the Southern United States to the Northern United States b)Largely centers of military power characterized by poverty and a lack of culture c)Centers of learning in the 14 th -17 th century d)A mixture of indigenous American and European architecture e)Led to tremendous population growth and urbanization f)Entry points for foreign exports g)Contains a church as the city center and densely packed streets h)Contain a mosque in the city center and densely packed streets i)Clear sectors move out from the city center, highlighted by important large roadways

Warm Up! 1.Name 3 factors that led to suburbanization in the 1950’s. 2.Identify two factors that caused ghettoization to occur in inner city neighborhoods. 3.Identify how the following helped cause revitalization and gentrification in urban areas: 1.Economic factors 2.Demographic factors 3.City government policies 4.Sense of place

Sharpstown!

Urban Models

First, Some Vocabulary Central Business District—Main business hub of the urban area. (Mainly tertiary industries) Industrial area—Area with manufacturing or warehouses Zone of transition—A mixture of manufacturing and low class residential areas Working class residential—Low income housing High class residential—High income housing Suburb—Residential area outside of the city Commuters—Residents in suburbs who travel into the CBD daily to work.

Concentric Zone Model

Burgess’s Concentric Zone Model Published in 1923 Based on North American, industrialized cities The idea that cities are generally laid out in 5 rings from CBD to suburb Example: Chicago

Why Are Sectors Where They Are? Land cost—Land is more expensive closer to the CBD, which leads to intensive land use (skyscrapers) Also high population density near the CBD because of land cost When cities were industrial cities— manufacturing and ports near CBD to facilitate trade Land gets cheaper further away from the CBD, so larger houses are available.

How is Burgess’s model similar to von Thunen’s model?

Similarities with relative location Both have a central CBD Both have intensive land use near the CBD, extensive as you move further away Both use land rent (cost) to explain location What problems do they both have with their models?

Problems with both von Thunen and Burgess Both assume there is only 1 CBD Both assume transportation costs the same in all directions Both assume the terrain is the same in all directions

Sector Model

Hoyt’s Sector Model Published in 1939 by Hoyt Involves corridors that shoot out from the center of the city Corridors tend to follow railways, rivers, highways, etc which affect land value positively or negatively Areas around nice corridors are more wealthy, areas around industrial corridors are less wealthy Example: Chicago

Multiple Nuclei Model

Harris and Ullman’s Multiple Nuclei Model Instead of only having one CBD, many cities have developed multiple commercial centers, even in suburbs Some new nuclei involve a specialized industry, like a medical center Some are edge cities Some around universities Example: Los Angeles

Los Angeles

Which one is Houston?

Which model? Give the name of the model and the author. Why?

ouston-heat_map/ ouston-heat_map/ Which one now? Give the name of the model AND the author. Why?

Galleria Area Downtown Houston Medical Center Houston Which model? Author?

Review! 1.What is a central business district? 2.Why is industry and low income housing generally located near the CBD? 3.Why do residential areas generally get nicer the further from the CBD one gets? 4.Why do urban regions move in corridors in Hoyt’s sector model? 5.What does it mean if a city has multiple nuclei? (Harris and Ullman’s Model)