Verbs: The Heart of the Sentences

Lesson Overview What is a Verb? Kinds of Verb How Verbs Vary (變化) - Person - Basic Forms - Tenses Base Verbs & Helping Verbs & Linking Verbs

What is a Verb? Comes from the Latin verbum, “word” Express an action or state of being Every complete sentence needs a verb Form (構成) varies according to person & tense (among other factor)

Kinds of Verbs Action Verbs Describe an action: run, speak, cook, think He runs to school. Linking Verbs ( = ) Connect nouns or pronouns with their complements (other nouns, or adjectives or adverbs) : to be, to appear, to become, to seem I feel happy.

Kinds of Verbs (cont..) Helping Verbs (be, have, do) Have no meaning, but to help other verbs to form special tenses. I have finished my dinner. Other Helping verbs includes; can, could ; may, might ; will would ; shall, should; must

Helping Verbs: To Be (present tense) 1. These _________ my friends. a) are b) is 2. Robert _________ sick. 3. ________ he American? a) Aren't b) Isn't 4. His tests ________ very difficult. a) aren't b) isn't

Helping Verbs: 1. ________ he changed much over the years? a) Has b) Does c) Is 2. ________ she Chinese? 3. ________ he like to drive at night? 4. ________ you normally read before you go to bed? a) Do b) Are c) Have

How Verbs Vary: Tense Tense = time Simple present tense Simple past tense Simple future tense Perfect tenses Progressive tenses (V + ing)

How Verbs Vary: Tense Progressive tense: action that are in progress (or “imperfect”(未完成式)) as of the chosen time. I am waiting for the bus right now. He was waiting for his friend to come. My dog will be waiting by the door when I come home.

How Verbs Vary: Tense Perfect tenses: actions that are complete (or “perfect”(完成式))as of the chosen time I have waited for the bus every morning. He had waited all day. My dog will have waited by the door until I come home.

Future Tenses 1. Tomorrow I ________ (paint) all day. a) will be painting b) will paint 2. By the time we get there, the store ________ (close). a) will close b) will have closed 3. I ________ (see) you tomorrow at 3:00 PM. a) will see b) see 4. After we finish this video, I ________ (see) all of this director's movies. a) will see b) will have seen

Simple Past or Past continuous? 1. I ________ - I didn't hear you come in. a) was sleeping b) slept 2. I ________ to see her twice, but she wasn't home. a) was coming b) came 3. What ________? I was watching TV. a) did you do b) were you doing 4. I ________ home very late last night. a) came b) was coming