War Effects World

Fighting outside of Europe  War waged in East Asia -- Japanese army expands into China  German outposts in China—Battled Japanese  Fighting also in Africa – colonies from Central Powers and colonies from Allied Powers fight each other.  African colonies begin thinking of independence from Western powers

Alliances of WWI

Middle East – Ottoman Empire  Ottoman Empire sided with Germany & Central Powers  Allied Strategy: Gallipoli Campaign  Wanted control of the Dardanelles  Also the City of Constantinople (Turk Capital)  Wanted to secure supply line to Russia  Turned into Stalemate; British eventually forced to withdraw

Dardanelles campaign

U.S. Enters War-1917  New German Policy: Unrestricted Submarine Warfare - sink any ship in restricted waters  WHY? USA was supplying war material to Great Britain & Germany wanted to cut off the British supply line  Lusitania sank by German U-boat (1915) passenger ship 128 Americans died  American public opinion begins to favor entering the war

Zimmerman Telegram  Feb 1917  Sent by German Foreign Secretary to German Ambassador to Mexico  Said that Germany would help Mexico regain the land it lost to the U.S. if Mexico would join the Central Powers  Germany wanted Mexico to wage war against the U.S.

USA Declares War on Germany  British intercepted the message and gave it to the U.S.  President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress to declare war against Germany

Total War  As war went on, countries devoted all their resources towards war  1) Rationing of goods – coffee, bread, meat  2) Citizens were asked to donate resources for the war effort – blankets, warm clothes, money, etc  3) Each country used Propaganda to get citizens to participate in TOTAL WAR Posters, radio, film, gov’t speakers visit schools  4) Women enter the workforce to replace men who have went to war/died

Russian propaganda posters

Russia exits the war(1918)  March Czar Nicholas II overthrown  Provisional gov’t stays in war  Bolshevik Revolution - Communist gov’t comes to power - Nov  March 1918—Communist gov’t signs peace treaty with Central Powers  Treaty of Brest Litovsk – ended Russian involvement in WWI Germany gained territory

Russian Revolution