1. Ottoman Empire held the Dardanelles, a strategic strait that linked the Black Sea with the Mediterranean. Britain believed that if they took this, they could take Constantinople, and come in thru the south to attack the Austrians.

3. The Gallipoli campaign, a strategy put forth by Winston Churchill, involved 500,000 soldiers from the British Empire and France against a smaller number to Turks. The Gallipoli campaign, a strategy put forth by Winston Churchill, involved 500,000 soldiers from the British Empire and France against a smaller number to Turks. The battle ran from April 1915 – December 1915 The battle ran from April 1915 – December 1915 Casualties for the Brit/French were about 150,000 + 150,000 died from disease – the Turks numbers were put at about 250,000. Casualties for the Brit/French were about 150,000 + 150,000 died from disease – the Turks numbers were put at about 250,000.

4. Winston Churchill, the Secretary of the Navy resigned. Winston Churchill, the Secretary of the Navy resigned. This was a “total war” because the nations involved devoted all their resources to it This was a “total war” because the nations involved devoted all their resources to it

5. With so many casualties, many dead never made it back home

6. No Place to go

7. Nice digs

11. Lawrence tried to get independence for the Arab countries Although he was unsuccessful, within another 20 years most countries in the Middle East would have their independence.

13. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

14. In 1915 Germany tried to starve Britain in a sea blockade (they sunk the Lusitania, a passenger ship that killed 1,198 people, including 128 U.S. citizens), but they had been warned by Woodrow Wilson, the US president, and had stopped.

15. By 1917, Britain had established a successful blockade denying Germany food & supplies Germany decided to institute their own blockade around Britain. In 1917 they announced they would sink any ship without warning around Britain. But this time they felt they could starve Britain into surrender before the U.S. got involved in the war.

16. German U-boats sunk 3 American vessels the 1 st month

17. In February, 1917, the British intercepted a telegram from Germany’s foreign secretary, Arthur Zimmerman, to the German ambassador in Mexico. In essence it said that if Mexico allied itself with Germany, they would help Mexico regain any territory it had lost to the United States. With this America could no longer stay on the sidelines. April 2, 1917, the U.S. declared war.

18. With total war being waged, many good were becoming scarce. Governments turned to rationing. People could buy only small amounts of those items needed for the war effort. Covered items such as butter, meat, rubber, leather, metals, etc.

32. The Finale Russia’s withdrawal allowed Germany to concentrate its forces on the Western Front With more than 6,000 cannons, Germany opened fire to begin the offensive in March 1918. By the end of May, the Germans had pushed the Allies back near Paris, but the men were exhausted and supplies were limited. The Allies counterattacked. With 2 million fresh American troops, it was only a matter of time. Finally in November, the Germans sued for peace