Warm Up 1. Find 2 people to work with 2. Get out homework (vocab terms) 3. Pick up a Popsicle stick off of my desk, neatly write your full name on it, and put it in the cup on my desk.

Welcome to AP Psychology Let the fun begin Let the fun begin

Prologue What makes something scientific? Describe how the field of psychology evolved from a non science to a science. Use as many vocab terms and people as possible.

OLD BIG issues 1. Mind vs. Body 2. Acquisition of knowledge ( nature or nurture)

New Issues 1. Nature v Nurture 2. Stability v. change

1 st 2 Schools of Psychology Structuralism v. Functionalism In YOUR own words explain the differences between functionalism and structuralism

New Schools of Psychology 8 Psychological Perspectives Evolutionary Evolutionary Behavior genetics Behavior genetics Behavioral Behavioral Cognitive Cognitive Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Biological/neuroscience Biological/neuroscience Sociocultural Sociocultural Humanistic Humanistic

What to Focus on What each perspective believes causes abnormal behavior What each perspective believes causes abnormal behavior Possible treatments of each perspective Possible treatments of each perspective Scientists Scientists What does each perspective focus on What does each perspective focus on Read, Discuss and then write Read, Discuss and then write

What do psychologists study? What is the main difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

What is the difference between basic and applied research? How might a psychologist use each type of research?

Introductory Unit- History and Approaches

What’s Psychology? Psychology - The science/study of behavioral and mental processes. Psychology - The science/study of behavioral and mental processes. Psychology developed from biology and philosophy. Today, psychology aims to describe and explain how we think, feel, and act using the scientific method. Psychology developed from biology and philosophy. Today, psychology aims to describe and explain how we think, feel, and act using the scientific method.

Prescientific Psychology Prescientific Psychology Socrates and Plato- viewed the mind as separable from body and continuing after death Socrates and Plato- viewed the mind as separable from body and continuing after death Inborn knowledge Inborn knowledge Relied on logic, not observation Relied on logic, not observation Aristotle- Aristotle- relied on careful observations relied on careful observations mind and body not separable mind and body not separable knowledge not preexisting knowledge not preexisting

Prescientific Psychology Prescientific Psychology Augustine- Augustine- Mind and body are connected Mind and body are connected Rene Decartes-( )- Rene Decartes-( )- Mind and body influence each other (dualism). Mind and body influence each other (dualism). Born with innate knowledge Born with innate knowledge John Locke- John Locke- Mind is a blank slate Mind is a blank slate The mind acts on only what comes in through the senses The mind acts on only what comes in through the senses Empiricism- knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation Empiricism- knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

Psychological Science is Born First 2 schools of thought were Structuralism and Functionalism First 2 schools of thought were Structuralism and Functionalism

Structuralism 1 st Structuralism- William Wundt- 1 st Structuralism- William Wundt- Wanted to engage people in introspection (looking inward) Wanted to engage people in introspection (looking inward) What do you feel, how do you feel?, what images are you seeing? What do you feel, how do you feel?, what images are you seeing? Wanted to discover the elements of the mind Wanted to discover the elements of the mind Required verbal, smart people Required verbal, smart people At times unreliable At times unreliable Did not focus on why we feel or see these things Did not focus on why we feel or see these things

Functionalism 2 nd - Functionalism- William James 2 nd - Functionalism- William James Interested in the purpose of behavioral actions Interested in the purpose of behavioral actions The function of mental operations in adapting to the environment The function of mental operations in adapting to the environment Memories, willpower, habits…… Memories, willpower, habits…… Philosophy of Pragmatism Philosophy of Pragmatism Basis of Behavioralism Basis of Behavioralism

7 Current approaches ( subfields) of Psychology 1. The Behaviorist Approach- 1. The Behaviorist Approach- Emphasizes the effect of the environment on shaping behavior Emphasizes the effect of the environment on shaping behavior Does not deny the role of heredity. (but can’t do anything about it, we can alter the envir.) Does not deny the role of heredity. (but can’t do anything about it, we can alter the envir.) Emphasizes learning(rewards and punishments) Emphasizes learning(rewards and punishments) Give me an example of what they might study Give me an example of what they might study

7 Current approaches of Psychology 2. The Biological Approach- 2. The Biological Approach- seeks to understand behaviors by studying underlying neurological, biochemical and neuromuscular causes. seeks to understand behaviors by studying underlying neurological, biochemical and neuromuscular causes. Looks at the effect of brain damage, injecting hormones….. on behaviors Looks at the effect of brain damage, injecting hormones….. on behaviors Give me an example of what they might study Give me an example of what they might study

7 Current approaches of Psychology 3. The Cognitive Approach- 3. The Cognitive Approach- Focus on how we encode, process, store and retrieve information Focus on how we encode, process, store and retrieve information Focus on the mental processes that intervene between stimulus inputs and response outputs Focus on the mental processes that intervene between stimulus inputs and response outputs Give me an example of what they might study Give me an example of what they might study

7 Current approaches of Psychology 4. Psychoanalytic Approach- Freud 4. Psychoanalytic Approach- Freud Views our unconscious as our primary determinant of behavior Views our unconscious as our primary determinant of behavior our actions and thoughts are caused by suppressed instincts our actions and thoughts are caused by suppressed instincts Give me an example of what they might study Give me an example of what they might study

7 Current approaches of Psychology 5. Humanistic Approach- 5. Humanistic Approach- Human behavior is the result of free will Human behavior is the result of free will Humans have a basic goodness and an innate motivation to achieve their full potential Humans have a basic goodness and an innate motivation to achieve their full potential Give me an example of what they might study Give me an example of what they might study

7 Current approaches of Psychology 6. Sociocultural - 6. Sociocultural - Look at how behaviors and thinking vary across situations and cultures Look at how behaviors and thinking vary across situations and cultures Look at how different cultures effect behaviors and thinking Look at how different cultures effect behaviors and thinking Give me an example of what they might study Give me an example of what they might study

7 Current approaches of Psychology 7. Evolutionary/ sociobiological- 7. Evolutionary/ sociobiological- Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and explain behavior patterns as adaptations naturally selected, because they increase reproductive success Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection and explain behavior patterns as adaptations naturally selected, because they increase reproductive success Give me an example of what they might study Give me an example of what they might study

Major Issues Nature/Nurture Nature/Nurture Biology V. Environment Biology V. Environment Stability Vs. Change Stability Vs. Change Rationality Vs. Irrationality Rationality Vs. Irrationality

Psychology Subfields Basic research-builds the psychologist’s knowledge base Basic research-builds the psychologist’s knowledge base Applied research - practical problems Applied research - practical problems Clinical psychologist – study and treat people. Give and analyze tests,conduct research Clinical psychologist – study and treat people. Give and analyze tests,conduct research Psychiatrists- often provide psychotherapy, medical doctor that can prescribe drugs Psychiatrists- often provide psychotherapy, medical doctor that can prescribe drugs Organizational/industrial Psychologist- Organizational/industrial Psychologist-

8 Psychological Perspectives Evolutionary Evolutionary Behavior genetics Behavior genetics Behavioral Behavioral Cognitive Cognitive Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic/ Psychoanalytic Biological/neuroscience Biological/neuroscience Sociocultural Sociocultural Humanistic Humanistic

What to Focus on What each perspective believes causes abnormal behavior What each perspective believes causes abnormal behavior Possible treatments from each perspective Possible treatments from each perspective Important psychologists Important psychologists What does each perspective focus on What does each perspective focus on Read, Discuss and then write Read, Discuss and then write Nature/nurture???? Nature/nurture????