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Unit 1: History and Approaches

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1 Unit 1: History and Approaches

2 Psychology is a scientific study of mental processes and behaviors.

3 Prescientific Psychology
Ancient Greeks- believed behavior was innate Socrates Plato Rene Descartes

4 Prescientific Psychology
Francis Bacon Empiricism John Locke Tabula Rasa (blank slate)

5 Empiricism = the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation. Lets make this easy….its SCIENCE

6 Psychological Science is Born
Wilhelm Wundt (Father of Psychology) University of Leipzig (1st psych lab) Reaction time experiment

7 Structuralism = an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind.

8 Edward Titchener Structuralism Introspection – Everything you sense

9 Functionalism = a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function – how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

10 William James Wrote 1st Psychology Textbook -Functionalism
Mary Calkins Was not allowed to receive her Ph.D. Margaret Floy Washburn 1st Woman to receive Ph.D.

11 Experimental Psychology
= the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method. G. Stanley Hall

12 Gestalt Psychology a movement in psychology founded in Germany, trying to explain perceptions in terms of whole parts rather than by analyzing their small parts The whole is greater than the sum of its parts Max Wertheimer

13 Psychoanalysis – unconscious mind
Sigmund Freud

14 Freud believed Unconscious mind – our behavior is guided by things we are not aware of Push down/push away bad memories – Repression Dreams tell us about our unconsciousness – Dream Analysis Defense mechanisms – We use these as a way to deal with things that bother us

15

16 Behaviorism = the view that psychology studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Study of observable behavior

17 Ivan Pavlov – bell/dog experiment
John B. Watson- Little Albert B.F. Skinner – reinforcements & punishments

18 Humanistic Psychology
= emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth.

19 Humanistic psychology
Carl Rogers – client centered therapy Abraham Maslow

20 Cognitive Perspective
= study of cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

21

22 Psychoanalytic Psychology
= studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.

23 Biological/Neuroscience Psychology
= a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes.

24 Evolutionary Psychology
= the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection.

25 Behavioral Psychology
= the scientific study of observable behavior, and its explanation by principles of learning.

26 Cognitive Perspective
= study of cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

27 Social-Cultural Psychology
= the study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.

28 Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

29 Psychological Approaches/Perspectives

30 Biopsychosocial perspective
Biological factors effect behavior Psychological factors effect behavior Social-cultural factors effect behavior All guide behavior

31 Psychology’s Three Main Levels of Analysis

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