Aim: How were the original 13 colonies organized?

The English Colonies Do Now- Give at least 3 reasons people would come over to the English colonies as colonists Who came over as colonists? Religious dissidents Lower classes Indentured servants Minor nobles who tried to get richer Original failed settlements Newfoundland Roanoke Island

Types of Colonies Royal Proprietary Charter Penal Direct control by king Proprietary One guy, runs the show directly from the colony Charter King grants charter for self rule Penal Prisoners are the colonists under control of proprietor

Virginia Virginia Charter (1606) Jamestown 1607 King granted land to Virginia Company of London Set up as joint stock company Gave the settlers rights as English citizens Jamestown 1607 120 men/ no women Traders only- no farmers/ no ministers So what is their purpose or goal? Original goal was to collect gold/ Indian goods exotic crops Not intended to be long term!! After 9 months, only 38 left alive… Why? Malaria/ natives Cared more about finding gold then getting food!!!! “gentlemen”

Smith and Smoke to the rescue Capt. John Smith organized the “settlers” in gathering food/ setting up housing Cruel punishments/ prevented men from “going native” John Rolfe/ Pocahontas Marriage created some peace Rolfe brings tobacco to Virginia- “King Nicotine” Positives of tobacco Saved the colonies Huge cash crop Novelty in Europe Negatives of tobacco Reliance on one cash crop- “slave to the market” Slaves to the market!! Really bad on soil Increased tensions with natives as they pursued new land to cultivate

Virginia Goal of the colony.. House of Burgesses $$$$$ House of Burgesses 1619 Colonial assembly Sets future precedent 1624- King hates tobacco, annoyed at Virginia, revokes Charter and makes it a royal colony

Maryland Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert)- Proprietor “Catholic haven” Maryland Act of Toleration- 1649 Freedom for all that believed in the Trinity….. But!!!!! Deny divinity of Jesus= death! Repealed in 1692 Tobacco colony Chesapeake Bay area Goal? $$ and tolerance

South Carolina “Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina” Set up a manor system with 8 Lord Proprietors Wine/silk/ olive oil/ eventually rice Populated by runaways from Virginia/ religious dissidents/slaves from West Indies- diverse for the South Charleston

North Carolina Separated from S. Carolina 1712 Outpost community

Georgia James Oglethorpe Penal colony… Why in Georgia? Located between English colonies and Spanish Florida and French Louisiana Strong native tribes in region “buffer” for the good colonies

Plymouth Colony (Mass.) Pilgrims forced to leave England Move to Holland, but some want to keep English traditions Separatists- wanted to break from Church of England 1620- 102 people go on Mayflower to New World Had charter (from Virginia Company, not king) to settle northern part of Virginia territory(NY Harbor/Staten Island!) Storm blew them off course, and they were running out of beer!!!,,,,Alternate plan develops!!!! Go above Virginia and NY (Dutch) No legal right to settle where they did No charter from king, they went just outside the boundaries of “Virginia” territory, and north of Dutch NY Miles Standish/ William Bradford Mayflower Compact Signed by 41 adult males (didn’t have to be part of the Separatists to sign)

Mayflower Compact "In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620."

Importance of Mayflower Compact 1st US Constitution God and man/ man and man Equal democratic setup Unimportance??? No legal enforceability outside of themselves

Plymouth Society Bradford elected governor 30 times 2/3rds died the 1st year Goal?? Be able to practice their religion Extremely intolerant of others!!! Separation of church and state Separatists- wanted to break from Church of England, not reform it Never grew too large, eventually merged with Mass. Bay Colony(1691)

Massachusetts Bay 1628-Non-Separatist Puritans Charter from King Still aligned with Church of England, just wanted to be more “pure” in its practice Charter from King John Winthrop Stable from beginning 1000 migrants, by 1630’s- 20,000. Clear plan Boston became the hub Religion- “Congregationalists” (felt Anglican Church was too Catholic) “City upon a hill” "You are the light of the world. A city that is set on a hill cannot be hidden." Mass. Bay will be a beacon for mankind Example of God’s kingdom on earth… “exceptionalism” + or - ??????? Calvinism- predestination “visible saints”

Politics and Religion “Where there is no law, (judges) shall rule as near the law of God as they can”- church is the state!!! All “freemen” can vote- voting restricted to church members BUT!!!! They believed in some separation of church and state Ministers could not run for office “If the people be governors, who shall be governed”

Mass. Bay Society Very close knit Uniform, no diversity “Protestant work ethic” Religion in every aspect of society Salem Witch Trials Expelled dissidents Williams/ Anne Hutchinson Antinomianism

“Rogues Island”- R.I. Roger Williams- minister in Salem “Roger the Tolerant”??? Believed in total separation of Church and State Didn’t have to attend church No taxes for Church Allowed other religious groups…. Colonists shouldn’t seize native lands- charters were illegal and settlers must pay natives for land Only the “pure” can receive communion,,, by the end of his term as minister, he was the only one eligible Banished from colony in 1636 1644- he got full charter from king to set up separate colony of Rhode Island with full self rule Very tolerant society in Rhode Island Freedom of worship Providence

Connecticut 1636-Thomas Hooker-Another dissenter of Mass. Bay 100 followers founded Hartford (Conn. River Valley 1639- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1662- granted charter by King

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut http://www.constitution.org/bcp/fo_1639.htm What is the main purpose of the document? Give 3 rights given to the people that are similar to today’s government. Why is this an historic democratic document? (More than 1 reason)

New Hampshire Mason(New Hampshire)/Gorges (Maine) Both never set foot in New World! Charter from king Started as a fishing colony Mass. Bay claimed it was illegal and on their territory- their land stretched all the way to Maine Mass. Granted N.H. “self rule” 1679 king separated the two and made it a royal colony Eventually N.H. becomes part of Dominion of New England

Pennsylvania 1638-Originally settled as New Sweden Dutch took over 1655 1664- England defeated Dutch 1681- King James owed $$ to William Penn (father), so he gave the family the territory (part of Delaware also) Son, William Penn founds colony (proprietary) Philadelphia- “City of Brotherly Love”

Quaker Haven Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) “Holy Experiment” Charter of Liberties 1701- http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?Itemid=264&id=1045&option=com_content&task=view By far the most democratic and “nice” religious founding colony!!! Best native relationship Very diverse/ allowed all monotheistic religions Separation of church/state/pacifists No defined church leaders Rejected Calvinism Unlimited immigration/ liberal freedoms for colonists and Philly harbor all leads to Pennsylvania quickly becoming one of the largest and riches colonies

Delaware Part of Penn. Penn granted lower 3 counties self-rule, eventually became its own colony, although it had same governor as Penn. All the way up to Rev. War

New York England’s American colonies split by Dutch control of NY, NJ, Del. 1664- conquered Dutch Allowed the Dutch living there freedom of religion and language

New Jersey James II (Duke of York), felt NY was too big to govern and gave NJ to his 2 friends, Berkeley and Carteret 2 proprietorships, East and West Jersey Freedom of religion and assembly Disputes over land forced king to merge NJ into 1 royal colony

Charter of Liberties http://www.constitution.org/bcp/penncharpriv.htm