Unit I Summative Test Review

What is the purpose of a Hook? 6 Elements of an Argument

Grabs reader’s attention Hook

What is the purpose of a claim? 6 Elements of an Argument

Comes in opening section of argument; clearly states position Claim

What is the purpose of support? 6 elements of an argument

Evidence to defend your position support

What is the purpose of concessions? 6 elements of an argument

Recognizes arguments made by the other side Concessions

What is the purpose of refutations? 6 elements of an argument

Argues against the opposing viewpoint stated refutations

What is the purpose of summary/call to action? 6 elements of an agrument

Final plea to audience summary/call to action

What is the definition of rhetoric? Rhetorical appeals

The art of persuasion Rhetoric

Who wrote the book, On Rhetoric? Rhetorical appeals

Aristotle On Rhetoric

-Ethos, pathos, logos -Background knowledge of your audience and their expectations -The ability to discover all available means of persuasion What are the main concepts of rhetoric?

Logos appeals to audiences though the use of…. Rhetorical appeals

...reasoning -facts and figures -statistics -specific examples of how the product will benefit them -incentives Logos

Ethos appeals to audiences through the use of... Rhetorical appeals

...trustworthiness of the speaker -the speaker’s credibility Ethos

Pathos appeals to audiences through the use of... Rhetorical appeals

...emotions -manipulate your emotions to make you feel a certain way about what they are advertising Pathos

When advertisers use the facts and figures technique, they appeal to their audience by using... Advertising techniques

...statistics and objective factual information to prove the superiority of their product Facts and figures

Advertisers use the avant-garde technique to persuade their audience to purchase a product by suggesting that the product will... Advertising techniques

...puts the user ahead of the times -feel “hip” Avant-garde

When advertisers use the transfer technique, they promote their product by using... Ad. Techniques

...words and ideas with positive connotations Transfer

When advertisers use the bandwagon technique, they persuade their audience to... Ad. Techniques

...join the crowd. -if they don’t buy the product they will feel left out Bandwagon

When an advertiser uses the testimonials technique, they use... Ad. Techniques

...endorsements from famous people or experts to promote their product. Testimonials

In a Huggies diaper commercial, a mother sniffs the dirty diaper says, “This smells like fresh linen.” Which advertising technique is being used?

Relying on the credibility of the speaker (mother) Testimonial

The student running for Class President promises “change”. Which advertising technique is being used?

“change” insinuates something new Avant-Garde

A makeup company advertises saying, “Beautiful women wear beautiful makeup.” Which advertising technique is being used?

Most women want to feel beautiful! Bandwagon

A candle company shows someone smelling a candle then smiling. Which advertising technique is being used?

The product is present while the person is smiling- insinuating good feelings with the product Transfer

An Apple advertisement claims “over 2,000 iPhone 6’s have already been sold. Don’t get left behind.” Which advertising technique is being used?

Encourages audience to jump on the iPhone 6 bandwagon so they are “not be left behind.” Bandwagon

An advertisement for an allergy medicine claims “7 out of 10 doctors recommend this product.” Which advertising technique is being used?

- Gave specific figures regarding how many doctors recommend product Facts and Figures

Important things to remember: When deciphering between phrases and clauses, look for a subject and a predicate PHRASE- no subject or predicate = ***this means that there is either no noun performing an action(verb), or no action(verb) for the noun to perform CLAUSE- has subject and predicate ** There is a noun performing an action! Phrases vs. Clauses

Phrases Clauses Phrases VS Clauses Group of related words No subject or predicate Group of related words Subject and predicate DependentIndependent Not a complete thought= dependent marker word Complete thought= simple sentence VS

the paper dolls when I fell down Nick thanked me running from the tornado camping with my friends Although I love dogs Phrase vs. Clause- label phrase or clause; if it is a clause, circle the subject and underline the predicate

the paper dolls -phrase when I fell down- clause Nick thanked me- clause running from the tornado- phrase camping with my friends- phrase Although I love dogs- clause Phrase vs. Clause- label phrase or clause; if it is a clause, circle the subject and underline the predicate

Easiest way to tell the difference= DEPENDENT MARKER WORDS (because, although, while, when, after, etc.) If a clause (subject and predicate) that begins with a dependent marker work, it is a DEPENDENT clause and NOT a complete thought Independent clause= complete thought; can stand alone as a sentence Ex. While I am typing this PowerPoint (dependent), I am breathing (independent). Dependent vs. Independent Clause

Simple sentence= 4 Sentence types

One INDEPENDENT clause Independent clause

COMPOUND SENTENCE= **hit your fists together! 4 sentence types

INDEPENDENT + INDEPENDENT TWO INDEPENDENT clauses compounded together Compound sentence

COMPLEX SENTENCE= 4 sentence types

ONE INDEPENDENT + ONE DEPENDENT **complex is more complicated- we now have two types of clauses in the mix Complex

COMPOUND-COMPLEX= 4 sentence types

2 INDEPENDENT + 1 DEPENDENT *compounding one independent sentence on to a complex sentence COMPOUND-COMPLEX

A.Sean went to the store and he bought milk. B.Sean went to the store and the park. C.Before Sean went to the store, he went to the park. D.Sean went to the store because he was hungry. Which of the following is an example of a simple sentence?

B.Sean went to the store and the park. Simple because there is only one independent clause. Simple Sentence

A.Tom drove his car and rode his bike. B.Tom drove his car and he wrecked into a tree. C.Tom drove his car into a tree because he was texting. D.Tom drove his car; he wrecked into a tree and he killed a squirrel. Which of the following is a compound sentence?

B.Tom drove his car and he wrecked into a tree. *Compound sentence because there are two independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (no dependent marker words!) Compound

A.Chris plays piano and sings in the choir. B.Chris plays piano and he sings in the choir. C.Chris plays piano while he sings in the choir. D.Chris plays piano and he sings because he is in the choir. Which of the following is a complex sentence?

C.Chris plays piano while he sings in the choir. * complex because there is an independent clause and a dependent clause set off by a dependent marker word. Complex

A.Melvin likes sour patch kids and he asks for them everyday. B.Melvin likes sour patch kids because they are the best candy ever. C.Although sugar is bad, Melvin likes to eat sour patch kids and drink soda. D. Although sugar is bad, Melvin likes to eat sour patch kids and he drinks sodas. Which of the following is an example of a compound-complex sentence?

D. Although sugar is bad, Melvin likes to eat sour patch kids and he drinks sodas. *Compound-complex because there are two independent clauses and one dependent clause. The two independent clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (and) and the dependent clause is set apart with a dependent marker word (although). Compound-Complex

Exercising daily will burn an extra 1,000 calories per week. So what I will be doing is running although I prefer to watch TV at home. Revise the following sentence to make it a correctly punctuated COMPLEX sentence.

Although I prefer to watch TV and surf the internet at home, I will burn an extra 1,000 calories per week by running. or I will burn an extra 1,000 calories per week by running although I prefer to watch TV and surf the internet at home. COMPLEX

Nick is a great athlete. Nick is on the varsity soccer team. Nick works very hard. Revise the following sentence to make it a correctly punctuated COMPOUND-COMPLEX sentence.

Nick is a great athlete, and although he is on the varsity soccer team, he does not work very hard. or Although Nick does not work very hard, Nick is a great athlete; he is on the varsity soccer team. COMPOUND-COMPLEX