1. Rhetorical Appeals

2. The BIG Question
*Choose your side: If given the choice would you choose to eat an apple or potato chips?

3. NOW, think about the following and change sides as needed:
1.) The most well respected doctors in the world agree that eating too many potato chips will cause you to die.

4. 2.) My brother died from eating too many potato chips!

5. 3.) If you eat too many chips you will clog your arteries and if your arteries are clogged you might have a heart attack. If you have a heart attack you might die.

6. Think about it…
Did my arguments cause you to change sides or change your opinion on what you think about chips? Why or why not?
If you did not change sides, what might have persuaded you to change sides?

7. Quick Write
5 minutes: think of time when you have had to persuade someone to do something you wanted them to do. It could be a teacher, friend or parent. Describe the situation and tell me HOW you persuaded them.

8. The Power of Rhetoric
Aristotle was the first to define rhetoric and he came up with the 3 rhetorical appeals: Ethos, Pathos, Logos and how they interact together (the rhetorical triangle)
Aristotle defined rhetoric as “the art of using language as a means to persuade”
The Merriam Webster Dictionary defines rhetoric as “the art of writing or speaking effectively”
Rhetoric has been used since ancient Greece and is considered an ancient art.

9. Persuasion
Ability to persuade is based on how well the speaker appeals to the audience in three different areas:
Ethos – establishing credibility
Pathos -- emotional appeals
Logos -- logical appeals
These areas form the “Rhetorical Triangle.”

10. The Rhetorical Triangle What do you think the arrows mean
The Rhetorical Triangle What do you think the arrows mean? Where do pathos and logos belong?

11. ETHOS
Ethos: the source's credibility, the speaker, COMMUNICATOR or the author’s authority
Why should we listen to this person’s argument? The author or communicator has to establish a persona (a personality that we trust) and give us a credible reason to want to believe him
The author/communicator also needs to establish him/herself as an authority on the subject of their message and someone who is worthy of respect.
Often times Ethos is used in an argument by using an expert in the field who can give their views on the topic
EX: CLAIM, smoking can lead to a premature death and cigarettes should be outlawed because they are a loaded weapon.
The surgeon general says that, “smoking is bad for you and kills one person every day in the United States”
This “expert”, who is an authority on the topic of healthy living has given their opinion that backs up this persons claim.

12. Ethos Advertising Example
Product: George Foreman and his Grilling Machine
Who he is: Boxing Champ and a Preacher
Why is George Foreman credible?

13. PATHOS
Pathos: persuading by appealing to the reader's or the AUDIENCE’S emotions.
Trying to tap into your audience’s values and beliefs will help your argument. So you must know your audience BEFORE you deliver your message.
Your audience will be persuaded when they feel any sort of emotion towards your topic.
This is done through anecdotal writing or narratives and “loaded words” words that have emotional meaning

14. Pathos Examples
How does this advertisement
appeal to emotion?
Why?

15. Pathos Examples
You should get your new dog from the Humane Society. The Humane Society is like an orphanage for dogs; when they are unwanted or lost, they end up at the humane society. However, unlike an orphanage, when a dog has not been adopted it is killed and has lost its right to live a happy carefree life. Please adopt from the humane society, every dog has the right to live!
How does this argument use pathos??

16. LOGOS Logos: the logic used to support a claim in the text or MESSAGE
Logic is accomplished through the use of facts, data, statistics, and details to back up your claims.

17. Logos Example
Few of our children breath fresh air in their schools, which are being sprayed, inside and out, with millions of pounds of deadly, nervous system destroying pesticides.
What is the person claiming?
What are the details provided in this claim?

18. Quick Quiz Put away your notes, and take out a piece of paper.
Draw a triangle on your paper
Label the triangle using what you have just learned about the rhetorical triangle.
You need to include: ethos, pathos, logos, message, communicator/author and audience and write any other words you can around the triangle to represent/describe the different parts

19. Quick Quiz Con’t
Trade papers with your partner and explain, using your own words, how you have labeled your triangle.

20. How do I label it? Help ME!

21. Practice Makes Perfect…
Whenever we read a non-fiction text we should be reading rhetorically, or looking for the hidden persuasion behind the words.
Let’s look at a non-fiction article from Time magazine and try to read it rhetorically following specific guidelines

22. Time Magazine Article
1.) Survey the text: what do you think it is going to be about?
2.) What do you think is going to be the purpose of this text?
3.) Read the article and annotate the important ideas (underline/highlight), and write reactions to the text in the margins. Specifically underline or highlight portions of the article that you think are pertaining to Ethos, Pathos or Logos. You may want to label them as “E”, “P” or “L”

23. HOMEWORK
Complete the evidence Identification and evaluation chart, finish your annotations.
All due Monday!
Study your vocabulary words!