Aim: Were the Crusades one of history’s successful failures? HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 Aim: Were the Crusades one of history’s successful failures?

Big Ideas The Crusades: Were driven by Christians’ desire to force Muslims from Palestine as well as to gain wealth and power Resulted in increased European trade with the Muslim world Temporarily increased the power of the Church and greatly strengthened feudal monarchs Introduced Europeans to the advances of Byzantine and Muslim civilizations

Key People and Terms Crusades Urban II Council of Clermont Holy Land Saladin Richard the Lion Hearted

Call to Holy War In 1096, Pope Urban II called for a Crusade or holy war. For the next three hundred years, these crusaders would travel throughout the world to the Holy Land in Jerusalem (Israel). The Crusades had economic, social, political, and religious motives. The Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople urged Christians to conqueror the Muslims. Younger sons participated in the Crusades because they did not stand to inherit property. They were looking for land, a position in society, and most importantly ADVENTURE. Merchants profited by making cash loans to finance the Crusades and by renting boats for huge fees.

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 The First Crusade 1096 - 1099 Approximately 50,000 Knights divided into three armies The Pope promised that anyone who fought the Muslims would be guaranteed a place in heaven The army had no strategy and could not agree on a leader. With less than 12,000 men still alive, the Knights captured the Jerusalem city after a month of fighting. In 1144 The Muslim Turks recaptured Jerusalem from the Knights.

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 The Second Crusade 1147 – 1149 Launched by the Pope and the Roman Catholic Church to recapture Jerusalem from the Muslims This Crusade was a complete failure. The Crusaders were not prepared for battle and the Muslims drove them out By 1187, a Kurdish warrior named Saladin was in control of Jerusalem and he prepared for another attack by the Roman Catholic crusaders.

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 The Third Crusade 1189 - 1191 In order to defeat Saladin, French Emperor Philip II, Germanic Emperor Frederick I, and English King Richard the Lionhearted sought an alliance with the Pope to win back the Holy Land from the Muslims. Frederick I, drowned on his way to the Holy Land. Philip and Richard the Lionhearted could not get along; with Philip II finally abandoning the mission. Richard fought on with his own men. After many battles and huge loss of life on both sides, Saladin and Richard the Lionhearted came to an agreement in early 1192. Jerusalem would remain in control of the Muslims but UNARMED Christians could freely visit the Holy Land.

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 The Fourth Crusade 1202 – 1204 Was an attempt to recapture Jerusalem, the Crusaders did not have the same spirit as those in the first Crusade and this Crusade was a complete failure.

The Children’s Crusade 1212 HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 The Children’s Crusade 1212 In 1212, approximately 30,000 school age children set out to re-conqueror Jerusalem from the Muslims. Led by a twelve year old boy, the children first marched to Rome in order to meet with the Pope. Only 2,000 children survived to actually meet the Pope. The 2000 children then began their march to Jerusalem with no weapons. They had a belief that upon arrival, God would just give them Jerusalem. As the children traveled to Jerusalem…

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 THEY ALL DIED!!!

Effects of the Crusades HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 Effects of the Crusades Thousands left their homes for adventure Women managed household affairs Merchants expanded their trade zones The power and authority of the Pope faded Millions died Hatred of the Jews and Muslims grew. Jews were expelled from many countries The Crusades are considered successful failures because even though the Church did not win the Holy Land, Catholic influence spread throughout Europe and the world which led to: Cultural Diffusion

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 Pope Urban II Knight in his Crusade Uniform

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 Richard the Lionhearted Philip II Frederick I

HRAS Lesson 13 Unit 2 Section 6 Kurdish Warrior Saladin