How does this quote by Johann Tetzel anger Martin Luther? “As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs” Luther was disgusted by sale of relics as a means of achieving salvation Issued 95 Theses criticizing the sale of indulgences

Luther’s Reforms Luther sought to reform the church, but ultimately broke from it completely Called for an end to sacraments Called for clergy to marry Reformed church services New ideas became Lutheranism, the first Protestant Faith

Criticisms of the church People felt they held a worldly view focused on power, and lacked a spiritual connection with the people of the church Focused too much on good works, not on faith Salvation had become mechanical in the view of some Martin Luther was disgusted by the selling of indulgences

Break from the church, and German acceptance… Church excommunicates Luther in 1521 Edict of Worms – Martin Luther declared an outlaw German ruler protects and hides Luther Charles the V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, wants to keep Germany Catholic, but there is too much resistance… Peace of Augsburg – agreement that accepts religious division in Germany Each German state has the right to choose its form (Catholicism or Lutheranism), but the individual does not have the right to choose

Meanwhile - Reformation in England King Henry VIII – seeks annulment, but the pope refuses 1534 – Church of England forms (Anglican Church) marks official break from Catholicism His daughter, Mary, becomes queen and tries to restore Catholicism in England. Burns Protestants for being heretics. “Bloody Mary”

Spread of Protestantism Ulrich Zwingli was a priest in Zürich He reformed the church in Switzerland before being killed by Catholic enemies in a religious war in 1531 John Calvin assumes control in Switzerland…publishes Institutes of a Christian Religion Becomes a new leader among the Protestant movement

John Calvin Preached of the “Power, Grace, and Glory of God” Developed idea of Predestination – God had determined in advance who was to be saved and who would be damned Calvinists, believing they were predetermined to be saved, now believed they were doing God’s work… Calvinists are a very active bunch Geneva, Switzerland – city becomes the stronghold of Protestant faith as Calvinism becomes the leading faith over Lutheranism

Catholic Counter Reformation Ignatius of Loyola – Spanish nobleman who founded the Jesuits (Jeh-zoo-its), also known as the Society for Jesus Ignatius believed in education, and set out to spread the Catholic message through his teaching 1540 – the pope recognizes the Jesuits 1545 – Council of Trent begins meeting to evaluate the Catholic Church Council affirms that Catholicism remains the way it is, and that earlier problems were caused by the actions of popes