1. The Protestant Reformation
Chapter 12 Section 3
The Protestant Reformation

2. Objectives: Identify Erasmus Explain Christian Humanism
Explain the role of Martin Luther in changing History
Analyze the events leading to the Reformation
Evaluate the impact of Lutheranism on Christianity

3. Erasmus and Christian Humanism
The Protestant Reformation is the term given to the religious reform that divided the western Church into Catholic and Protestant groups.
Began by Martin Luther in the early 16th century, but attempts began earlier.
Changes in intellectual thought called Christian humanism, or Northern Renaissance humanism.

4. Best known Christian humanist: Desiderius Erasmus.
Christian humanism: belief in the ability of humans to reason and improve themselves.
Best known Christian humanist: Desiderius Erasmus.
Erasmus believed that Christianity should show people how to lead good lives.
In his work, The Praise of Folly, written in 1509, he criticized aspects of society that he felt were most in need of reform.

5. Desiderius Erasmus

6. Objectives: Analyze religion on the Eve of the Reformation
Explain the influence of Martin Luther
Analyze the significance of the 95 theses
Discuss the Rise of Lutheranism

7. Religion on the Eve of the Reformation
Reasons for reform:
Corruption
The Renaissance popes failed to meet the church’s spiritual needs.
Church officials also concerned with money and using office to advance their wealth.
Ordinary people were concerned with salvation, or acceptance into heaven.

8. Through veneration of relics, a person could gain an indulgence, release from all or part of the punishment for sin.
Others sought salvation through the Modern Devotion, which downplayed religious dogma and stressed the need to follow the teachings of Jesus.

9. Martin Luther

10. Martin Luther Monk and Professor
Lectured on the Bible.
Catholic teaching said humans were saved through faith and good works, Luther believed it was just faith.
Belief that justification, being made right before God, by faith alone became the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation.

11. The Ninety-five Theses
Luther did not believe in the selling of indulgences.
He believed the monk Johann Tezel, who sold indulgences with the slogan “As soon as the coin in the coffer (money box) rings, the soul from purgatory springs”, was very wrong.
On October 31, 1517, he sent a list of Ninty-five Theses to his church superiors.
Luther also did not believe in the sacraments.

12. A Break with the Church
By 1520 Luther had begun to move towards a definite break with the Catholic Church.
He was excommunicated by the Church in January 1521, and called to appear before the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V.
The Edict of Worms made Martin Luther an outlaw within the empire
Luther was to be killed, but was protected by his ruler, Elector Frederick of Saxony.

13. The Rise of Lutheranism
The religious movement soon became a revolution.
Established support of German rulers and new religious services, which became known as Lutheranism, which was the first Protestant faith.
Luther faced a political crisis over peasant revolts, and sided with lords.

14. Politics in the German Reformation
Charles V ruled an immense area consisting of Spain and its colonies, Austrian lands, Bohemia, Hungary, the Low Countries, and parts of Italy.
Wanted to keep it under the control of his dynasty, the Hapsburgs political and Catholic religiously.

15. Charles V had a rivalry with the king of France, Francis I.
Charles faced opposition from the pope, Clement VII.
Germany was loyal to the emperor but free from his rule, and supported Luther.
The end to religious warfare in Germany came in 1555 with the Peace of Augsburg, resulting in the division of Christianity in Germany into Catholic and Lutheran states.

16. Conclusion
What did you learn today?

17. Homework Review previously assigned and completed Page 393 1,2,4-8
Quiz tomorrow!